The body of the infographic shows a wheel with five segments corresponding to the 5 steps. A callout pointing to the left of the first segment reads, The researchers see an article suggesting expertise in a field may predict comprehension. The researchers think about their own study and wonder: Do experts have fewer comprehension problems when interrupted? An arrow labeled, Ask new questions, leads from the callout to Step 1. The segments of the wheel contain a label, a graphic with a callout, and actions taken.
Step 1: Develop a Question
The graphic shows a stick figure sitting in a chair with a thought bubble reading, It seems we are regularly interrupted by phone calls and people at the door. What is the impact on our reading comprehension? To develop a question, a researcher will: observe the world around him; identify a personally interesting topic; review scientific literature on this topic.
Step 2: Develop a Hypothesis
The graphic shows a stick figure with a callout reading, Hypothesis: Interruptions while reading will lead to poorer comprehension of the material.
To develop a hypothesis (a testable prediction), a researcher will: look for existing theories about the topic; establish operational definitions to specify variables being studied.
Step 3: Design Study & Collect Data
The graphic shows three numbered stick figures, with text reading, Participants read four paragraphs from SAT reading comprehension sections under two conditions: an interruption condition (calculating math problems between paragraphs) and a non-interruption condition. Immediately afterward, they are tested on their comprehension of the material.
A researcher plans a well-controlled study; a design can be experimental or descriptive; data are collected using controlled measurement techniques.
Step 4: Analyze the Data
The graphic shows three stick figures with differently shaped heads. The text reads, The findings indicate that participants struggle more with reading comprehension after being interrupted. However, this effect is not observed when the interruption is preceded by a 15-second break.
A researcher organizes and analyzes the data to determine whether the hypothesis is supported.
Step 5: Publish the Findings
The graphic shows a stick figure holding a paper. The text reads, The researchers write an article titled, "Interruptions Disrupt Reading Comprehension." It is published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
A researcher writes a description of the study and submits it to an academic journal, where it will be peer-reviewed and, if approved, published for other researchers to read and use in their own research.