A hypodermic needle is shown with a bidirectional arrow along its length. Text at the upper end of the arrow reads, most anxiety provoking while that at the lower end reads, least anxiety provoking. Text corresponding to the needle is titled, Anxiety hierarchy for fear of needles. The text reads as: Getting a flu shot; Allowing someone to prep your arm for a shot; Visiting a health clinic to discuss getting a shot; Watching someone get a shot; Holding a hypodermic needle; Touching a hypodermic needle in its packaging; Looking at an actual hypodermic needle; and Looking at a photo of a hypodermic needle. On the right illustration of a needle plus relaxation points to a crossed out word anxiety and another word calm. Text above the needle reads, During conditioning, two stimuli that produce incompatible responses are repeatedly paired. Text below the two words reads, Because the responses are incompatible, one response will eventually be extinguished. Starting at the bottom of the hierarchy with the least anxiety-provoking situation enables the desired response (, calm), to prevail.
Three pictures below show the Aversion therapy. The text reads, Aversion therapy seeks to diminish a behavior by linking it with an unpleasant reaction. To reduce alcohol consumption, alcohol is consumed with a drug that causes feelings of nausea. Eventually, alcohol becomes a conditioned stimulus, prompting the unpleasant physical reaction all on its own. The first picture corresponding to Before conditioning, shows a nausea drug container labeled Unconditioned stimulus (, U S,) from where an arrow points to a human icon labeled Unconditioned response (, U R). The second picture corresponding to During conditioning shows nausea drug container labeled Unconditioned stimulus (, U S), and a glass of liquor labelled Neutral stimulus (, N S), from where an arrow points to a human icon labeled Unconditioned response (, U R). The third picture corresponding to, After conditioning shows a glass of liquor labelled Conditioned stimulus (, C S), from which an arrow points to a human icon labeled Conditioned response (, U R).