The text at the bottom of the tree diagram has text reading, Philosophical and scientific roots. Pictures of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner are provided along with their corresponding periods. A sentence below reads, Ancient and modern philosophers and scientists explored the connection between mind and body. Does this tree exist in the physical world or only in my mind? Three arrows from this text spread out as a tree trunk to a central, left, and right texts. The central text reads, how do my eyes and brain work together to sense and perceive this tree? Text above this reads, Biological perspective, Use knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behavior and mental processes. The right arrow leads to Functionalism with photos of Mary Whiton Calkins, 1863 to 1930, and William James, 1842 to 1910, with the related text reading Interested in how the mind functions to help us adapt and survive. The left arrow leads to a Structuralism on the left that has photos of Edward Titchener, 1867 to 1927, Margaret Floy Washburn, 1871 to 1939, and Wilhelm Wundt, 1832 to 1920, The text reads, used reports of subjective experience, introspection, to describe the structure of the mind. A photo of Wilhelm Wundt with other researchers is shown with the text reading, Wilhelm Wundt, Father of Psychology, founded the first laboratory dedicated to psychology.
Mary Whiton Calkins is linked to a text reading, is my fear of heights inherited? Could it have contributed to my survival? Calkins is also linked to a text reading Behavioral perspective, B.E Skinner, 1904 1950, Ivan Pavlov, 1849 to 1936, John Watson, 1878 to 1958, whose photo is also given. Text at the bottom reads, Interested in studying only behavior that can be observed and measured. Another link from Calkins is connected to a text reading, Charles Darwin, 1809 to 1882, Evolutionary Perspective, use knowledge about evolutionary forces to understand behavior. Behavioral perspective is linked to the Humanistic perspective, Maintain an optimistic focus on human behavior; believe that each person is a master of his own fate. A picture of Carl Rogers, 1902 to 1987, is shown.
A sociocultural perspective is shown with pictures of Mamie Phipps Clark, 1917 to 1983, and Lev Vygotsky, 1896 to 1934, Understand behavior by examining the influences of other people and the larger culture. The Biopsychosocial perspective reads, Examine the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influencing behavior. This perspective is linked to a text reading, what biological, psychological, and social factors influence the way I manage my allergy to tree pollen?