A highlighted box at the bottom labeled philosophical and scientific roots shows black and white portrait of Plato, 427 to 347 B C E; Aristotle, 384 to 322 B C E; Descartes, 1596 to 1650; and Gustav Fechner, 1801 to 1887. Text below the portraits reads, ancient and modern philosophers and scientists explored the connection between mind and body. A clipart below shows an acorn and text beside reads does this tree exist in the physical world or only in my mind?
The box leads to three callouts such as structuralism, functionalism, and biological perspective.
Biological Perspective: Text within the callout reads, use knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behavior and mental processes. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads how do my eyes and brain work together to sense and perceive this tree?
Structuralism: Two black and white portraits show Margaret Floy Washburn, 1871 to 1939 and Edward Titchener, 1897 to 1927 within the callout. Text within the callout reads used reports of subjective experience (introspection) to describe the structure of the mind. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads describe in detail each element of this tree, including, color, shape, size, etc. A black and white photo below the callout shows Wilhelm Wundt sitting at a table with four men standing beside him. Text below the photo reads Wihelm Wundt, Father of Psychology, founded the first laboratory dedicated to psychology.
Functionalism: Two black and white portraits show Mary Whiton Calkins, 1863 to 1930 and William James, 1842 to 1910 within the callout. Text within the callout reads interested in how the mind functions to help us adapt and survive. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads how does resting under this tree promote my long-term survival?
Functionalism branches to the following perspective,
Cognitive perspective: A black and white portrait shows George Miller, 1920 to 2012 within the callout. Text within the callout reads renewed focus on mental processes, including physiological explanations. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads how am I able to remember where this tree is in the forest?
Evolutionary perspective: A black and white portrait shows Charles Darwin, 1809 to 1882 within the callout. Text within the callout reads use knowledge about evolutionary forces to understand behavior.
Behavioral perspective: A black and white photo shows John Watson, 1878 to 1958 within the callout. Text within the callout reads B F Skinner, 1904 to 1990; Ivan Pavlov, 1849 to 1936. Interested in studying only behavior that can be observed and measured. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads is spending time relaxing under this tree reinforced? If yes, I will come back again.
Sociocultural perspective: Two black and white portraits show Mamie Phipps Clark, 1917 to 1983 and Lev Vygotsky, 1896 to 1934 within the callout. Text within the callout reads Understand behavior by examining influences of other people and the larger culture.
Psychoanalytic perspective: A black and white photo shows Sigmund Freud, 1856 to 1939 within the callout. Text within the callout reads interested in abnormal functioning and unconscious thought; personality is shaped by unconscious conflict. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads how does your feeling about the size of this tree relate to your unconscious aggression toward your father?
Humanistic Perspective: A black and white photo shows Carl Rogers, 1902 to 1987 within the callout. Text within the callout reads Abraham Maslow, 1908 to 1970. Maintain an optimistic focus on human behavior; believe that each person is a master of his own fate. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads will tending to and nurturing this tree help me reach my fullest potential?
Biopsychosocial perspective: Examine the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influencing behavior. A clipart below the callout shows an acorn and text beside reads what biological, psychological, and social factors influence the way I manage my allergy to tree pollen?