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Chapter 1. Scientific American: Psychology

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1.1 Quiz

1.

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Yvonne and Belinda went to a local restaurant to have a quick meal. Near the door, they were approached by a man who asked, “Do you think you could spare just a little change?” Yvonne reached into her purse and gave the man some money, but Belinda just sighed and ignored him. Once they got into the restaurant, she said, “Yvonne, you are so nice. I just can’t give money to people like that; he ended up that way for a reason.” Belinda’s belief that people get what they deserve is an error in attribution called the:

A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

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A(n) ________ is a belief we develop to explain human behaviors and characteristics, as well as situations.

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

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Charles is going to the local polling center. He plans to vote in favor of providing increased funding for his local community college, and he thinks to himself, “Why are we even voting on this? Everyone wants to support schools and invest in education. I can’t imagine why anyone would vote against this!” Charles’s belief demonstrates:

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

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When Allison passes her psychology exam with a very high grade, she thinks, “I am very smart, and boy did I study hard.” When she fails her sociology exam, however, she thinks, “That teacher did a terrible job of presenting the material, and the exam was so unfair.” Which kind of biased thinking is Allison exhibiting?

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

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Every time his students show up late to class, Professor Marin automatically assumes they are lazy and failed to get out of bed on time. He does not consider the possibility that their tardiness could have resulted from some factor beyond their control; the bus was delayed, or there was a personal emergency, for example. Professor Marin’s tendency to explain his students’ behaviors based on internal characteristics resembles the:

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

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When you assume that a person’s actions were the result of internal characteristics like personality traits or abilities, you are making a(n):

A.
B.
C.
D.