Chapter 1. Chapter

1. If you think about the processes of reinforcement and punishment being represented by a car, which of the following would be

2. Husani wants to teach his son to dress himself for bed at night, so that his son will become more self-sufficient. Which of the following would be the first thing he should reinforce his son for doing if he is going to use B.F. Skinner’s procedure?

3. In ________, an unpleasant stimulus is added or presented to discourage the behavior that it follows.

4. Marcus is competing in a contest with his scouting troop. Each child has to build their own miniature racecar out of a kit, paint it, and race it against the other scouts. The kids are allowed to make certain modifications so that their cars will go faster, but all changes to the cars must be approved by the contest judges. Marcus works hard on his car because he wants to win the big gold trophy that the fastest car will earn. In this scenario the trophy is an example of a

5. “In this class, you will have four unit exams, and a final cumulative exam that will cover material from the entire semester,” says Professor Dickens. “Any student who has an average of 90% or higher after the first four exams will be excused from taking the final exam.” Professor Dickens’s willingness to let students skip the final exam if they have studied hard and performed well during the semester is an example of a

6. Although many feel that it is not an appropriate practice, some parents choose to discipline their children with a spank on the backside when inappropriate behaviors occur. What kind of operant outcome would this demonstrate?

7. When Carolyn is standing in line at the bookstore with her daughter, she gets very frustrated when the little girl pesters her (again) for candy. She snaps for a moment and yells at her daughter, “I told you to stop asking me, now be quiet!” The woman in line behind Carolyn quietly tells her, “that is just terrible. Don’t you know not to use negative reinforcement with a child that young?” Which of the following should Carolyn say if she wants to give a factually accurate response?