According to Freud, the structure of the mind that uses the reality principle to manipulate situations, plan for the future, solve problems, and make decisions.

Collection of rules that guide the ego as it negotiates between the id and the environment.

Distortions of perceptions and memories of the real world, without one’s awareness, to reduce the anxiety created by the conflict among the id, ego, and superego.

Freud’s views regarding personality as well as his system of psychotherapy and tools for the exploration of the unconscious.

Beliefs one has regarding how effective one will be in reaching a goal.

According to Jung, the universal experiences of humankind passed from generation to generation, including memories.

A person’s predictions about the consequences or outcomes of behavior.

According to Freud, the structure of the mind that guides behavior to follow the rules of society, parents, or other authority figures.

According to Freud, the most primitive structure of the mind, the activities of which occur at the unconscious level and are guided by the pleasure principle.

According to Freud, the level of consciousness outside of awareness, which is difficult to access without effort or therapy.

Theories that focus on personality dimensions and their influence on behavior; can be used to predict behaviors.

The way the ego moves uncomfortable thoughts, memories, or feelings from the conscious level to the unconscious.

According to Freud, the attraction a child feels toward the opposite-sex parent, along with the resentment or envy directed toward the same-sex parent.

According to Rogers, the total acceptance or valuing of a person, regardless of behavior.

A trait approach to explaining personality, including dimensions of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism; also known as “the Big Five.”

Assessments that present stimuli without a specified meaning to test takers, whose responses can then be interpreted to uncover underlying personality characteristics.

Basic underlying or foundational characteristics of personality.

The knowledge an individual has about his strengths, abilities, behavior patterns, and temperament.

According to Freud, the stages of development, from birth to adulthood, each of which has an erogenous zone as well as a conflict that must be dealt with.

Easily observable characteristics that derive from source traits.

Collection of rules that guide the id, resulting in behavior to achieve instant gratification without thought to consequences.

Suggests that personality results from patterns of thinking (cognitive) as well as relationships and other environmental factors (social).

According to Bandura, multidirectional interactions among cognitions, behaviors, and the environment.

The unique, core set of characteristics that influence the way one thinks, acts, and feels, and that are relatively consistent and enduring throughout the life span.

Primal images, patterns of thoughts, and storylines stored in the collective unconscious, with themes that may be found in art, literature, music, dreams, and religions.

The self-concept a person strives for and fervently wishes to achieve.

Being stuck in a particular psychosexual stage of development as a result of unsuccessfully dealing with the conflict of that stage.

The relatively stable properties that describe elements of personality.