aggression altruism attitudes attributions bystander effect cognitive dissonance companionate love compliance conformity consummate love deindividuation diffusion of responsibility discrimination dispositional attribution door-in-the-face technique ethnocentrism false consensus effect foot-in-the-door technique frustration-aggression hypothesis fundamental attribution error group polarization groupthink in-group interpersonal attraction just-world hypothesis mere-exposure effect norms obedience out-group passionate love persuasion prejudice proximity risky shift romantic love scapegoat self-serving bias situational attribution social cognition social facilitation social identity social influence social loafing social psychology social roles stereotypes stereotype threat | The tendency to attribute our successes to personal characteristics and our failures to environmental factors. A compliance technique that involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request. The sharing of duties and responsibilities among all group members that can lead to feelings of decreased accountability and motivation. The tendency for people to make less than their best effort when individual contributions are too complicated to measure. The group to which we belong. Love that combines intimacy, commitment, and passion. The diminished sense of personal responsibility, inhibition, or adherence to social norms that occurs when group members are not treated as individuals. The positions we hold in social groups, and the responsibilities and expectations associated with those roles. Intimidating or threatening behavior or attitudes intended to hurt someone. How we view ourselves within our social group. The tendency for the presence of others to improve personal performance when the task or event is fairly uncomplicated and a person is adequately prepared. The tendency to overestimate the degree to which others think or act like we do. The relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses one has toward people, situations, ideas, and things. Love that is based on zealous emotion, leading to intense longing and sexual attraction. A compliance technique that involves making a large request first, followed by a smaller request. Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure. The study of human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to others, including how people behave in social settings. Love that consists of profound fondness, camaraderie, understanding, and emotional closeness. The tendency to believe the world is a fair place and individuals generally get what they deserve. The factors that lead us to form friendships or romantic relationships with others. The urge to modify behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others. A desire or motivation to help others with no expectation of anything in return. How a person is affected by others as evidenced in behaviors, emotions, and cognition. A belief that some environmental factor is involved in the cause of an event or activity. The tendency for people to avoid getting involved in an emergency they witness because they assume someone else will help. To see the world only from the perspective of one’s own group. A belief that some characteristic of an individual is involved in the cause of a situation, event, or activity. A target of negative emotions, beliefs, and behaviors; typically, a member of the out-group who receives blame for an upsetting social situation. Holding hostile or negative attitudes toward an individual or group. Beliefs one develops to explain human behaviors and characteristics, as well as situations. Showing favoritism or hostility to others because of their affiliation with a group. The more we are exposed to someone or something, the more positive a reaction we have toward it. People outside the group to which we belong. Conclusions or inferences we make about people who are different from us based on their group membership, such as race, religion, age, or gender. The way people think about others, attend to social information, and use this information in their lives, both consciously and unconsciously. The tendency to overestimate the degree to which the characteristics of an individual are the cause of an event, and to underestimate the involvement of situational factors. Love that is a combination of connection, concern, care, and intimacy. Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general do not have any true authority. The tendency for a group to take a more extreme stance than originally held after deliberations and discussion. Standards of the social environment. Intentionally trying to make people change their attitudes and beliefs, which may lead to changes in their behaviors. The tendency for groups to recommend uncertain and risky options. A “situational threat” in which individuals are aware of others’ negative expectations, which leads to their fear that they will be judged or treated as inferior. Suggests that aggression may occur in response to frustration. A state of tension that results when behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes. Nearness; plays an important role in the formation of relationships. The tendency for group members to maintain cohesiveness and agreement in their decision making, failing to consider all possible alternatives and related viewpoints. |