Appendix 3: Satellites of the Planets

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Planet Satellite Date of discovery Average distance from center of planet (km) Orbital (sidereal) period (days)* Orbital eccentricity Size of satellite (km)** Mass (kg)
Earth Moon —      384,400 0027.322      0.0549 3476 7.349 × 1022
Mars Phobos 1877          9378 0.319 0.01    28 × 23 × 20 1.1 × 1016
  Deimos 1877        23,460 1.263 0.00    16 × 12 × 10 1.8 × 1015
Jupiter Metis 1979      128,000 0.295 0.0012 44 1.2 × 1017
  Adrastea 1979      129,000 0.298 0.0018 24 × 20 × 16 7.5 × 1015
  Amalthea 1892      181,400 0.498 0.0031 270 × 200 × 155 2.1 × 1018
  Thebe 1979      221,900 0.675 0.0177 98 1.5 × 1018
  Io 1610      421,600 1.769 0.0041 3642 8.932 × 1022
  Europa 1610      670,900 3.551 0.0094 3120 4.791 × 1022
  Ganymede 1610   1,070,000 7.155 0.0011 5268 1.482 × 1023
  Callisto 1610   1,883,000 16.689   0.0074 4800 1.077 × 1023
  Themisto 2000   7,284,000 130.02      0.2426 9 6.9 × 1014
  Leda 1974 11,165,000 240.92      0.1636 18 1.1 × 1016
  Himalia 1904 11,461,000 250.56      0.1623 184 6.7 × 1018
  Lysithea 1938 11,717,000 259.20      0.1124 38 6.3 × 1016
  Elara 1905 11,741,000 259.64      0.2174 78 8.7 × 1017
  Kallichore 2000 12,555,000 456.10      0.2480 4 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J12 2003 15,912,000 489.52R    0.6056 1 1.5 × 1012
  Carpo 2003 16,989,000 456.10      0.4297 3 4.5 × 1013
  Euporie 2001 19,304,000 550.74R    0.1432 2 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J3 2003 20,221,000 583.88R    0.1970 2 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J18 2003 20,514,000 596.59R    0.0148 2 1.5 × 1013
  Orthosie 2001 20,720,000 622.56R    0.2808 2 1.5 × 1013
  Euanthe 2001 20,797,000 620.49R    0.2321 3 4.5 × 1013
  Harpalyke 2000 20,858,000 623.31R    0.2268 4 1.2 × 1014
  Praxidike 2000 20,907,000 625.38R    0.2308 7 4.3 × 1014
  Thyone 2001 20,939,000 627.21R    0.2286 4 9.0 × 1013
  S/2003 J16 2003 20,963,000 616.36R    0.2245 2 1.5 × 1013
  Iocaste 2000 21,061,000 631.60R    0.2160 5 1.9 × 1014
  Mneme 2003 21,069,000 620.04R    0.2273 2 1.5 × 1013
  Hermippe 2001 21,131,000 633.90R    0.2096 4 9.0 × 1013
  Thelxinoe 2003 21,162,000 628.09R    0.2206 2 1.5 × 1013
  Helike 2003 21,263,000 634.77R    0.1558 4 9.0 × 1013
  Ananke 1951 21,276,000 629.77R    0.2435 28 3.0 × 1016
  S/2003 J15 2003 22,627,000 689.77R    0.1916 2 1.5 × 1013
  Eurydome 2001 22,865,000 717.33R    0.2759 3 4.5 × 1013
  Arche 2002 22,931,000 723.90R    0.2588 3 4.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J17 2003 23,001,000 714.47R    0.2379 2 1.5 × 1013
  Pasithee 2001 23,004,000 719.44R    0.2675 2 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J10 2003 23,042,000 716.25R    0.4295 2 1.5 × 1013
  Chaldene 2000 23,100,000 723.70R    0.2519 4 7.5 × 1013
  Isonoe 2000 23,155,000 726.25R    0.2471 4 7.5 × 1013
  Erinome 2000 23,196,000 728.51R    0.2665 3 4.5 × 1013
  Kale 2001 23,217,000 729.47R    0.2599 2 1.5 × 1013
  Aitne 2001 23,229,000 730.18R    0.2643 3 4.5 × 1013
  Taygete 2000 23,280,000 732.41R    0.2525 5 1.6 × 1014
  S/2003 J9 2003 23,384,000 733.29R    0.2632 1 1.5 × 1012
  Carme 1938 23,404,000 734.17R    0.2533 46 1.3 × 1017
  Sponde 2001 23,487,000 748.34R    0.3121 2 1.5 × 1013
  Megaclite 2000 23,493,000 752.88R    0.4197 6 2.1 × 1014
  S/2003 J5 2003 23,495,000 738.73R    0.2478 4 9.0 × 1013
  S/2003 J19 2003 23,533,000 740.42R    0.2557 2 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J23 2003 23,563,000 732.44R    0.2714 2 1.5 × 1013
  Kalyke 2000 23,566,000 742.03R    0.2465 5 1.9 × 1014
  S/2003 J14 2003 23,614,000 779.23R    0.3439 2 1.5 × 1013
  Pasiphaë 1908 23,624,000 743.63R    0.4090 58 3.0 × 1017
  Eukelade 2003 23,661,000 746.39R    0.2721 4 9.0 × 1013
  S/2003 J4 2003 23,930,000 755.24R    0.3618 2 1.5 × 1013
  Sinope 1914 23,939,000 758.90R    0.2495 38 7.5 × 1016
  Hegemone 2003 23,947,000 739.60R    0.3276 3 4.5 × 1013
  Aoede 2003 23,981,000 761.50R    0.4322 4 9.0 × 1013
  Kallichore 2003 24,043,000 764.74R    0.2640 2 1.5 × 1013
  Autonoe 2000 24,046,000 760.95R    0.3168 4 9.0 × 1013
  Callirrhoe 1999 24,103,000 758.77R    0.2828 7 8.7 × 1014
  Cyllene 2003 24,349,000 751.91R    0.3189 2 1.5 × 1013
  S/2003 J2 2003 29,541,000 979.99R    0.2255 2 1.5 × 1013
Saturn Pan 1981      133,580 0.575 0         35 × 35 × 23 4.9 × 1015
  Daphnis 2005      136,500 0.594 0         7 3 × 1014   
  Atlas 1980      137,670 0.602 0.0012 46 × 38 × 19 6.6 × 1015
  Prometheus 1980      139,380 0.613 0.0022 119 × 87 × 61 1.6 × 1017
  Pandora 1980      141,720 0.629 0.0042 103 × 80 × 64 1.4 × 1017
  Epimetheus 1980      151,410 0.694 0.0098 135 × 108 × 105 5.3 × 1017
  Janus 1980      151,460 0.695 0.0068 193 × 173 × 137 1.9 × 1018
  Mimas 1789      185,540 0.942 0.0196 397 3.8 × 1019
  Methone 2004      194,440 1.01   0.0001 3 2 × 1013   
  Pallene 2004      212,280 1.154 0.004   4 4 × 1013   
  Enceladus 1789      238,040 1.37   0.0047 504 1.1 × 1020
  Tethys 1684      294,670 1.888 0.0001 1066 6.2 × 1020
  Telesto 1980      294,710 1.888 0.0002 29 × 22 × 20 8 × 1015   
  Calypso 1980      294,710 1.888 0.0005 30 × 23 × 14 5 × 1015   
  Polydeuces 2004      377,200 2.737 0.0192 3.5 3 × 1013   
  Dione 1684      377,420 2.737 0.0022 1123 1.1 × 1021
  Helene 1980      377,420 2.737 0.0071 36 × 32 × 30 2 × 1016   
  Rhea 1672      527,070 4.518 0.001   1528 2.3 × 1021
  Titan 1655   1,221,870 15.95    0.0288 5150  1.34 × 1023
  Hyperion 1848   1,500,880 21.28    0.0274 360 × 280 × 225 5.7 × 1018
  Iapetus 1671   3,560,840 79.33    0.0283 1472 2.0 × 1021
  Kiviuq 2000 11,111,000 449.22      0.3288 16 3 × 1015   
  Ijiraq 2000 11,124,000 451.43      0.3163 12 1 × 1015   
  Phoebe 1898 12,947,780 550.31R    0.1635 230 × 220 × 210 8.3 × 1018
  Paaliaq 2000 15,200,000 686.93      0.3631 19 4 × 1015   
  Skathi 2000 15,541,000 728.21R    0.2701 6 2 × 1014   
  Albiorix 2000 16,182,000 783.46      0.477   32 3 × 1016   
  S/2007 S2 2007 16,560,000 792.96R    0.2418 6 1.5 × 1014
  Bebhionn 2004 17,153,520 838.77      0.4691 6 2 × 1014   
  Erriapo 2000 17,343,000 871.18      0.4724 10 9 × 1014   
  Siarnaq 2000 17,531,000 895.55      0.2961 40 4 × 1016   
  Skoll 2006 17,473,800 862.37      0.418   6 2 × 1014   
  Tarqeq 2007 17,910,600 894.86      0.1081 7 2.3 × 1014
  Tarvos 2000 17,983,000 926.23      0.5305 15 3 × 1015   
  Greip 2006 18,065,700 906.56      0.374   6 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S19 2004 18,217,125 912R        0.36     8 8 × 1014   
  S/2004 S13 2004 18,403,000 933.45R    0.2586 6 2 × 1014   
  Jarnsaxa 2006 18,556,900 943.78      0.192   6 2 × 1014   
  Mundilfari 2000 18,685,000 952.67R    0.21     7 3 × 1014   
  S/2006 S1 2006 18,930,200 972.41      0.13     6 2 × 1014   
  Narvi 2003 19,007,000 1003.93R      0.4309 7 3 × 1014   
  S/2004 S15 2004 19,338,000 1005.93R      0.1428 6 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S17 2004 19,447,000 1014.7R        0.1793 4 4 × 1013   
  Suttungr 2000 19,459,000 1016.67R      0.114 7 3 × 1014   
  S/2004 S14 2004 19,856,000 1038.67R      0.3715 6 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S12 2004 19,878,000 1046.16R      0.3261 5 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S18 2004 20,129,000 1083.57R      0.5214 7 3 × 1014   
  S/2004 S9 2004 20,390,000 1086.1R      0.2397 5 2 × 1014   
  Thrymr 2000 20,474,000 1094.23R      0.4652 7 3 × 1014   
  S/2007 S3 2007 20,518,500 1100R          0.130   5 9 × 1014   
  S/2004 S10 2004 20,735,000 1116.47R      0.252   6 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S7 2004 20,999,000 1140.28R      0.5299 6 2 × 1014   
  S/2006 S3 2006 21,076,300 1142.37        0.471   6 2 × 1014   
  Surtur 2006 22,288,916 1242.36        0.368   6 2 × 1014   
  Kari 2006 22,321,200 1245.06        0.341   7 3 × 1014   
  S/2004 S16 2004 22,453,000 1260.28R      0.1364 4 4 × 1013   
  Loge 2006 22,984,322 1300.95R      0.1390 6 1.5 × 1014
  Ymir 2000 23,040,000 1315.21R      0.335   18 3 × 1015   
  S/2006 S5 2006 23,190,000 1314R           0.139   6 2 × 1014   
  S/2004 S8 2004 25,108,000 1490.87R      0.2064 6 2 × 1014   
Uranus Cordelia 1986       49,800 0.335 0.0003 50 × 36 4.4 × 1016
  Ophelia 1986       53,800 0.376 0.0099 54 × 38 5.3 × 1016
  Bianca 1986       59,200 0.435 0.0009 64 × 46 9.2 × 1016
  Cressida 1986       61,800 0.464 0.0004 92 × 74 3.4 × 1017
  Desdemona 1986       62,700 0.474 0.0001 90 × 54 1.8 × 1017
  Juliet 1986       64,400 0.493 0.0007 150 × 74 5.6 × 1017
  Portia 1986       66,100 0.513 0.0001 156 × 126 1.7 × 1018
  Rosalind 1986       69,900 0.558 0.0001 72 2.5 × 1017
  Cupid 2003       74,800 0.618 0.0013 18 3.8 × 1015
  Belinda 1986       75,300 0.624 0.0001 128 × 64 3.6 × 1017
  Perdita 1986       76,420 0.638 0.003   26 1.3 × 1016
  Puck 1985       86,000 0.762 0.0001 162 2.9 × 1018
  Mab 2003       97,734 0.923 0.0025 24 1.0 × 1016
  Miranda 1948      129,900 1.413 0.0013 471  6.59 × 1019
  Ariel 1851      190,900 2.52   0.0012 1158  1.35 × 1021
  Umbriel 1851      266,000 4.144 0.0039 1169 1.2 × 1021
  Titania 1787      436,300 8.706 0.0011 1578  3.53 × 1021
  Oberon 1787      583,500 13.46     0.0014 1522  3.01 × 1021
  Francisco 2001   4,276,000 266.56       0.1459 22 1.4 × 1015
  Caliban 1997   7,231,000 579.73R     0.1587 72 7.4 × 1017
  Stephano 1999   8,004,000 677.36R     0.2292 32 6.0 × 1015
  Trinculo 2001   8,504,000 749.24R     0.22     18 7.5 × 1014
  Sycorax 1997 12,179,000 1288.3R         0.5224 150 5.4 × 1018
  Margaret 2003 14,345,000 1687.01         0.6608 20 1.0 × 1015
  Prospero 1999 16,256,000 1978.29R      0.4448 25 2.1 × 1016
  Setebos 1999 17,418,000 2225.21R      0.5914 24 2.1 × 1016
  Ferdinand 2003 20,901,000 2887.21R      0.3682 21 4.4 × 1016
Neptune Naiad 1989       48,227 0.294 0.0004 96 × 60 × 52 1.9 × 1017
  Thalassa 1989       50,075 0.311 0.0002 108 × 100 × 52 3.5 × 1017
  Despina 1989       52,526 0.335 0.0002 180 × 150 × 130 2.1 × 1018
  Galatea 1989       61,953 0.429 0         204 × 184 × 144 2.1 × 1018
  Larissa 1989       73,548 0.555 0.0014 216 × 204 × 164 4.2 × 1018
  Proteus 1989      117,647 1.122 0.0005 440 × 416 × 404 4.4 × 1019
  Triton 1846      354,800  5.877R 0         2706  2.15 × 1022
  Nereid 1949   5,513,400 360.14         0.7512 340 3.1 × 1019
  S/2002 N1 2002 15,728,000 1879.71R        0.5711 62 1.8 × 1017
  S/2002 N2 2002 22,422,000 2914.07          0.2931 44 6.3 × 1016
  S/2002 N3 2002 23,571,000 3167.85          0.4237 42 5.5 × 1016
  Psamathe 2003 46,695,000 9115.91R        0.4499 24 1.0 × 1016
  S/2002 N4 2002 48,387,000 9373.99R        0.4945 60 1.6 × 1017
This table was compiled from data provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
*A superscript R means that the satellite orbits in a retrograde direction (opposite to the planet’s rotation).
**The size of a spherical satellite is equal to its diameter.

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