A Troubleshooting Guide

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A Focused, Well-Presented Issue

My readers don’t get the point.

  • Quote experts or add information–statistics, examples, anecdotes, and so on–to help readers understand what‛s at stake.
  • Consider adding visuals, graphs, tables, or charts to present the issue more clearly.

My readers have a different perspective on the issue than I do.

  • Show the limitations of how the issue has traditionally been understood.
  • Reframe the issue by showing how it relates to values, concerns, needs, and priorities you share with readers.
  • Give concrete examples or anecdotes, facts, and details that could help readers see the issue as you see it.
Table 6.20: A TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
A Well-Supported Position

My readers do not find my argument clear and/or persuasive.

  • Revisit your thesis statement to make sure your position is stated clearly and directly.
  • Reconsider your reasons, or explain how they support your position.
  • Add supporting evidence–statistics, examples, authorities, and so on.
  • Consider adding visuals, graphs, tables, or charts to support your argument.
  • Strengthen the logical, ethical, and/or emotional appeals of your argument.
  • Try outlining your argument; if your organization is weak or illogical, or if your transitional strategies are not working, try reorganizing the material, adding transitional words and phrases, or repeating key words strategically.
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An Effective Response to Opposing Views

My readers question my response to opposing arguments or objections to my argument.

  • If your refutation is weak, strengthen it with additional or more compelling reasons and evidence.
  • If your concession weakens your argument, qualify your position with words like sometimes or often.
  • Consider adding a refutation to your concession.
A Clear, Logical Organization

My readers are confused by my essay or find it difficult to read.

  • Outline your essay. If necessary, move, add, or delete sections to strengthen coherence.
  • Consider adding a forecasting statement with key terms that are repeated in topic sentences throughout the essay.
  • Check for appropriate transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and major sections of your essay.
  • Review your opening and closing paragraphs. Be sure that your thesis is clearly expressed and that you reaffirm your position in your closing