__________ is the step in the speechmaking process when the speaker studies the potential listeners through techniques such as interviews and questionnaires.

When you have reached the step of __________ in the speechmaking process, you need to decide whether you are going to inform or persuade your audience, or mark a special occasion.

The following statement is an example of the _______ of a speech: “ . . . to inform my audience about the reasons to start a retirement fund.”

In the speechmaking process, the __________ identifies the speech’s central idea.

__________ are the primary ideas or key arguments that make claims in support of the thesis of your speech.

__________ provides the framework upon which to arrange the elements of your speech in support of your thesis.

To ensure that your speech flows smoothly from one thought to another among and within the coordinate points of your outline, use __________.

The purpose of a presentation aid is to __________.

As a general rule, how many times should you practice delivering your speech?

Non-native speakers should practice their speech with an audio or video recorder to make sure they __________.