1 For more on Operation Ceasefire, see D. M. Kennedy, Don’t Shoot: One Man, a Street Fellowship, and the End of Violence in Inner-City America (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2011).

2 Note that this last example, “the cloud,” has not achieved a universally agreed-on definition. “As a metaphor of the Internet, ‘the cloud’ is a familiar cliché, but when combined with ‘computing,’ the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts define cloud computing narrowly, as an updated version of utility servers, available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume outside the firewall is in the ‘the cloud,’ including conventional outsourcing.” E. Knorr and G. Gruman, “What Cloud Computing Really Means: The Next Big Trend Sounds Nebulous, but It’s Not So Fuzzy When You View It from the Perspective of IT Professionals,” InfoWorld, November 2011, 1. Available online at http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031.

3 Testimony of Kevin M. Brown, Chief Operating Officer, American Red Cross, before the Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight, United States House of Representatives, September 25, 2007.

4 See, for example, K. Murdock, “Recovering the Classical in the Common: Figures of Speech in ‘A Scandal in Bohemia,’” Minnesota English Journal 47 (2012): 85–89. See also http://www.changingminds.org/techniques/language/figures_speech/figures_speech.htm.

5 C. R. Jorgensen-Earp and A. Q. Staton, “Student Metaphors for the College Freshman Experience,” Communication Education 42 (1993): 125.

6 J. L. Stringer and R. Hopper, “Generic He in Conversation?” Quarterly Journal of Speech 84, no. 2 (1998): 209–21.

7 D. Cameron, Feminism and Linguistic Theory (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985), 68.