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Preparation and perseverance are the keys to a successful speech.

The most successful presentations in history, such as Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, usually derive from careful thought, planning, and preparation. Both beginning and more experienced speakers should remember this lesson—even a first-time speaker can give a much stronger presentation by taking a bit of extra time and effort.

In this chapter, we emphasized the importance of preparing for public speaking. First, we introduced the five classical canons of rhetoric, a set of guidelines that continue to inform the way many speech instructors teach speech preparation today.

Next, we presented a step-by-step process for preparing your first speech. It’s important to note that speech development is a craft comprising a set of specific skills that you can master. The main steps are analyzing the audience; selecting a topic; determining the rhetorical purpose; creating a thesis statement; determining your main points; developing supporting materials; organizing and outlining the body, introduction, conclusion, and transitions; considering word choice and presentation aids; and practicing and delivering the speech. By making good choices at each step of the speech preparation process, you improve your chances of delivering a successful presentation.

In this chapter, we also outlined some basic techniques to help you overcome your speech anxiety by emphasizing that you can channel your nervousness to help you become a better speaker. To help you “get the butterflies flying in formation,” we suggest that you prepare early and follow a plan. Also, strive to take care of yourself by balancing responsibilities with personal needs. To build a positive outlook, try visualizing success, using relaxation techniques, and volunteering to speak first. And when you are speaking, stay positive—don’t be your own worst critic.