Introduction to Chapter 1
What Is Public Speaking?
Why Study Public Speaking?
Using Public Speaking as a Student
Video Activity 1.1: Gender-Based Responses in Sports Chatrooms
Using Public Speaking in Your Career
Using Public Speaking in Your Community
Public Speaking: A Great Tradition
Public Speaking: A Dynamic Discipline
From Linear to Transactional: Evolving Views of the Public Speaking Process
New Technologies, New Channels
Awareness of Audiences’ Cultural Diversity
Video Activity 1.2: Humanity 4 Haitian Development
Emphasis on Critical Thinking
A Focus on Free and Ethical Communication
Speech Choices: Chapter 1
Chapter Review
Chapter 1 Review
Chapter 1 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 2
Why Prepare?
The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
Analyze Your Audience
Select Your Topic
Determine Your Speech’s Rhetorical Purpose
Create a Thesis Statement
Determine Your Main Points
Develop Supporting Materials
Organize and Outline the Body of Your Speech
Outline Your Introduction and Conclusion
Incorporate Transitions
Consider Your Word Choice
Consider Presentation Aids
Practice Your Speech
Video Activity 2.2: Lui, Preventing Cyberbullying
Deliver Your Speech
Overcoming Speech Anxiety
Prepare Early and Follow a Plan
Take Care of Yourself
Visualize Success
Use Relaxation Techniques
Volunteer to Speak First
Speech Choices: Chapter 2
Never Defeat Yourself
Chapter Review
Chapter 2 Review
Chapter 2 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 3
Codes of Ethics: Absolute, Situational, and Culturally Relative
Legal Speech Vs. Ethical Speech
Communicating Truthfully
Lying
Half-Truths
False Inference
Acknowledging the Work of Others
Quoting From a Source
Paraphrasing the Work of Others
Common Knowledge
Speech Choices: Chapter 3
Using Sound Reasoning
Being an Ethical Listener
Show Courtesy
Demonstrate an Open Mind
Hold the Speaker Accountable
Chapter Review
Chapter 3 Review
Chapter 3 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 4
The Listening Process
Listening Vs. Hearing
Processing What You’Ve Heard
Retaining What You’ve Processed
Listening Styles
The Culprits Behind Poor Listening
Unprocessed Note Taking
Nonlistening
Interruptive Listening
Agenda-Driven Listening
Argumentative Listening
Nervous Listening
Becoming a Better Listener
Filter Out Distractions
Focus on the Speaker
Show That You Are Listening
Maximizing Your Audience’s Listening
Anticipate Ineffective Listening Before Your Speech
Encourage Active Listening During Your Speech
Listening When You Are in the Audience
Chapter Review
Chapter 4 Review
Introduction to Chapter 5
Understanding Situational Characteristics
Size
Time
Location
Mobility
Incorporating Demographics
Age
Gender Composition
Sexual Orientation
Race and Ethnicity
Religious Orientation
Socioeconomic Background
Political Affiliation
Putting the Demographic Pieces Together
Seeking Common Ground
Video Activity 5.3: Kim, the Non-Monetary Uses of Gold
Identifying Prior Exposure
Identifying Audience Disposition
Gathering Information About Your Audience
Surveying Your Audience
Interviewing Your Audience
Considering and Observing Your Audience
Speech Choices: Chapter 5
Situational Audience Analysis
Chapter Review
Chapter 5 Review
Chapter 5 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 6
Developing a Set of Potential Topics
Research
Brainstorming
Word Association
Mind Mapping
Selecting the Best Topic
Consider the Assignment
Consider Your Audience
Consider Your Knowledge and Interests
Consider the Speech Context
Choose a Topic and Stick with It
Refining Your Topic
Decide Your Rhetorical Purpose
Narrow Your Topic
Drafting Your Specific Purpose
Drafting Your Thesis Statement
Speech Choices: Chapter 6
Chapter Review
Video Activity 6.4: Gentz, “My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton”
Chapter 6 Review
Chapter 6 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 7
Research Is Essential
Research Works Best When You Have a Plan
Inventory Your Research Needs
Find the Sources You Need
Keep Track of Your Sources
Evaluating a Source’s Credibility
Expertise
Objectivity
Observational Capacity
Recency
Conducting Library Research
Books
Periodicals
Newspapers
Reference Works
Government Documents
Using the Internet
Benefits of Internet Research
Disadvantages of Internet Research
Evaluating the Credibility of Online Sources
Credibility of Social Media
Interviewing Sources
Prepare for Your Interview
Set Up Your Interview
Plan Your Interview Questions
Conduct the Interview
Evaluate Your Notes
Presenting Evidence in Your Speeches
Clearly Cite Your Source
Present the Information Accurately
Speech Choices: Chapter 7
Chapter Review
Chapter 7 Review
Chapter 7 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 8
Why Use Supporting Materials?
Building Audience Interest
Enhancing Audience Understanding
Strengthening Audience Memory
Winning Audience Agreement
Evoking Audience Emotion
Types of Supporting Materials
Examples
Definitions
Testimony
Statistics
Narratives
Analogies
Guidelines for Using Supporting Materials
Choose the Most Credible Proof
Use a Variety of Supporting Materials
Appeal to Different Learning Styles
Speech Choices: Chapter 8
Avoid Long Lists
Consider Your Audience
Respect the Available Time
Chapter Review
Chapter 8 Review
Chapter 8 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 9
Selecting Your Main Points
Consider Your Purpose
Take Your Audience Into Account
Select an Appropriate Number of Main Points
Organizing Your Supporting Materials
Subordination and Coordination
Video Activity 9.1: Without Liberty and Justice For All
When a Subpoint Doesn’t Fit
Arranging Your Main Points
Spatial Pattern
Chronological (Temporal) Pattern
Causal Pattern
Comparison Pattern
Categorical (Topical) Pattern
Persuasive Speech Patterns
Using Organizing Words and Sentences
Transitions
Signposts
Speech Choices: Chapter 9
Internal Previews and Internal Summaries
Chapter Review
Chapter 9 Review
Chapter 9 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 10
Introducing Your Speech
Gain Your Audience’s Attention
Signal Your Thesis
Show Your Audience What’s in It for Them
Establish Your Credibility
Preview Your Main Points
Concluding Your Speech
Transition to Your Conclusion
Summarize Your Main Points
Finish with a Memorable Clincher
Speech Choices: Chapter 10
Chapter Review
Chapter 10 Review
Chapter 10 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 11
Two Stages of Outlining
The Working Outline
The Speaking Outline
Creating Your Working Outline
Outlining the Body of Your Speech
Outlining Your Introduction
Outlining Your Conclusion
Creating a List of Works Cited
Inserting the Title, Specific Purpose, and Thesis
A Sample Working Outline
Speech Choices: Chapter 11
Creating Your Speaking Outline
Formatting Your Speaking Outline
Elements of Your Speaking Outline
A Sample Speaking Outline
Chapter Review
Video Activity 11.4: Duboise, Central Texas Coalition Against Human Trafficking
Chapter 11 Review
Chapter 11 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 12
The Importance of Language and Word Choice
Differences Between Oral and Written Language
Denotative and Connotative Meaning
Denotative Meaning
Connotative Meaning
Presenting Your Message Clearly
Understandable Language
Concrete Words
Proper Use of Words
Concise Language
Expressing Your Ideas Effectively
Repetition
Hypothetical Examples
Personal Anecdotes
Vivid Language
Figurative Language
Choosing Respectful and Unbiased Language
Avoid Stereotypes
Use Gender-Neutral References
Make Appropriate References to Ethnic Groups
Steer Clear of Unnecessary References to Ethnicity, Religion, Gender, or Sexuality
Speech Choices: Chapter 12
A Note on Appropriate Language and Political Correctness
Chapter Review
Chapter 12 Review
Chapter 12 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 13
Selecting the Right Mode of Delivery
Reading From a Manuscript
Memorizing From a Manuscript
Speaking From an Outline
Impromptu Speaking
Using Verbal Delivery Skills
Volume
Tone
Rate of Delivery
Projection
Articulation
Pronunciation
Pausing
Using Nonverbal Delivery Skills
Eye Contact
Gestures
Physical Movement
Proxemics
Personal Appearance
Speech Choices: Chapter 13
Chapter Review
Chapter 13 Review
Chapter 13 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 14
Why Use Presentation Aids?
Presentation Aids Can Make Your Speech More Interesting
Presentation Aids Can Simplify a Complex Topic
Presentation Aids Can Help Your Audience Remember Your Speech
Types of Presentation Aids
The Speaker
Assistants
Objects
Visual Images
Graphs
Text-Based Visuals
Audio and Video
Using Technology Wisely
Using Presentation Software
Using Other Technology
Guidelines for Developing Presentation Aids
Consider the Forum
Consider Your Audience
Make Sure Your Aids Support Your Points
Keep Your Aids Simple and Clear
Rehearse with Your Presentation Aids
Using Presentation Aids During Your Speech
Speech Choices: Chapter 14
Make Sure Everyone Can See and Hear Your Aids
Control Audience Interaction with Your Aids
Maintain Eye Contact
Remember the Purpose of Your Aids
Chapter Review
Chapter 14 Review
Chapter 14 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 15
The Rise of Mediated Communication
The Expansion of Mediated Public Speaking
Prerecorded and Real-Time Presentations
Advantages of Mediated Presentations
General Advantages
Advantages of Prerecorded Speeches
Advantages of Real-Time Technologies
Video Activity 15.1: Mcalister, Arsenic in Our Water Supply
Challenges of Mediated Presentations
Loss of Naturalness
Loss of Immediacy
Decreased Nonverbal Communication
Diminished Feedback
Difficulty Managing Distractions
Technological Difficulties
Optimizing Delivery and Messages in Mediated Presentations
Delivery Considerations
Message Adaptations
Practicing Delivery and Recording
Recording Your Classroom Speech
Camera
Setting and Background
Attire
Camera Positioning
Special Considerations for Real-Time Presentations
Practicing with Your Equipment to Make Sure It Works
Selecting a Robust Internet Connection
Using Group Chat/Video and Screen Sharing
Creating Opportunities for Audience Interaction
Soliciting Feedback Through an Alternative Medium
Chapter Review
Chapter 15 Review
Introduction to Chapter 16
Techniques for Informing
Definition
Explanation
Description
Demonstration
Narrative
Types of Informative Speeches
Objects
Individuals or Groups
Events
Processes
Ideas
Developing Your Informative Speech
Analyzing Your Audience
Selecting a Technique
Focusing on Your Goal to Inform
Clarifying and Simplifying Your Message
Sample Informative Speech
Speech Choices: Chapter 16
Chapter Review
Chapter 16 Review
Chapter 16 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 17
The Nature of a Persuasive Speech
Persuasive Speeches Attempt to Influence Audience Members
Persuasive Speeches Advocate Fact, Value, or Policy Claims
The Nature of Persuasion
Two Paths to Persuasion
The Importance of Central Route Processing
Which Route Will Audience Members Follow?
Tailoring Your Persuasive Message to the Audience
Adapting to Audience Disposition
Appealing to Your Audience’s Needs
Connecting to Your Listeners’ Values
Accounting for Audience Beliefs
Focusing on Peripheral Beliefs
Demonstrating How Your Audience Benefits
Acknowledging Listeners’ Reservations
Ethical Persuasion
Help Your Audience Make an Informed Decision
Research Your Facts
Note Any Biases
Attribute Your Research Properly
Organizing Your Persuasive Speech
Organizing Fact Claims
Organizing Value Claims
Organizing Policy Claims
Speech Choices: Chapter 17
Chapter Review
Chapter 17 Review
Chapter 17 Speech Choices Discussion Questions
Introduction to Chapter 18
Ethos: Your Credibility as a Speaker
Understanding the Elements of Credibility
Building Your Credibility
Avoiding Loss of Your Credibility
Logos: The Evidence and Reasoning Behind Your Message
Using Evidence
Using Reasoning
Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Pathos: Evoking Your Listeners’ Emotions
Using Emotional Appeals
Ensuring Ethical Use of Pathos
Sample Persuasive Speech
Chapter Review
Chapter 18 Review
Introduction to Chapter 19
Types of Special-Occasion Speeches
General Guidelines for Special-Occasion Speeches
Appealing to Your Audience’s Emotions
Video Activity 19.1: Gentz, My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton
Matching Your Delivery to the Mood of the Occasion
Adapting to Your Audience’s Expectations
Evoking Shared Values
Video Activity 19.2: Language, Delivery, and Special Occasion Speeches
Respecting Time Constraints
Strategies for Each Type of Special-Occasion Speech
Strategies for Speeches of Introduction
Strategies for Speeches of Presentation
Strategies for Speeches of Acceptance
Strategies for Speeches to Memorialize or Eulogize
Strategies for Speeches to Celebrate
Strategies for After-Dinner Speeches
Sample Special-Occasion Speech
Chapter Review
Chapter 19 Review
Introduction to Chapter 20
Effective Group Leadership
Selecting a Leader
Leading Meetings
Managing Conflict
Effective Group Membership
Three Types of Member Roles
Tips for Participating in a Small Group
Group Decision Making and the Reflective-Thinking Process
Define the Problem
Analyze the Problem
Establish Criteria for Solving the Problem
Generate Possible Solutions
Select the Best Solution
Delivering Group Presentations
Symposium
Panel Discussion
Single Group Representative
Chapter Review
Chapter 20 Review
Chapter 1: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 2: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 3: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 5: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 6: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 7: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 8: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 9: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 10: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 11: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 12: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 13: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 14: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 16: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 17: Speech Choices Suggested Activities
Chapter 7 Speech Choices Video: Research and Evidence
Chapter 8 Speech Choices Video: Supporting Material 1
Chapter 8 Speech Choices Video: Supporting Material 2
Chapter 8 Speech Choices Video: Selecting and Supporting Materials
Chapter 9 Speech Choices Video: Presenting and Developing Main Points
Chapter 9 Speech Choices Video: Speech Organization
Chapter 9 Speech Choices Video: “The Solution” Main Point
Chapter 10 Speech Choices Video: Introduction 1
Chapter 10 Speech Choices Video: Conclusion
Chapter 10 Speech Choices Video: Introduction 2
Chapter 11 Speech Choices Video: Using a Speech Outline
Chapter 13 Speech Choices Video: Delivery Skills 1
Chapter 13 Speech Choices Video: Delivery Skills 2
Chapter 13 Speech Choices Video: Nonverbal Delivery
Chapter 14 Speech Choices Video: Visual Aids
How Emigrants Use Smartphones: Speech Outline
Full Speech: How Emigrants Use Smartphones
How Emigrants Use Smartphones: Full-Length Speech
Why Student Athletes Should Be Paid: Speech Outline
Full Speech: Why Student Athletes Should Be Paid
Why Student Athletes Should Be Paid: Full-Length Speech
Child Slavery and the Production of Chocolate
Reclaiming Public Spaces for the Empowerment of Women and Girls