Printed Page 956(cont.)

Second Thoughts

956

What’s the Significance?

Taiping Uprising, 933–35

Opium Wars, 936–37

unequal treaties, 937

self-strengthening movement, 939

Boxer Uprising, 939

Commissioner Lin, 940–41

Chinese Revolution of 1911, 940–41

“the sick man of Europe,” 942–44

Tanzimat, 944–46

Young Ottomans, 945

Sultan Abd al-Hamid II, 945

Young Turks, 946

informal empires, 946–47

Tokugawa Japan, 948–49

Meiji restoration, 949–50

Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905, 954

Big Picture Questions

957

  1. Question

    “The response of each society to European imperialism grew out of its larger historical development and its internal problems.” What evidence might support this statement?

  2. Question

    “Deliberate government policies were more important than historical circumstances policies in shaping the history of China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan during the nineteenth century.” How might you argue for and against this statement?

  3. Question

    What kinds of debates, controversies, and conflicts were generated by European intrusion within each of the societies examined in this chapter?

  4. Question

    Looking Back: How did the experiences of China, the Ottoman Empire, Japan, and Latin America, which retained their independence despite much European pressure, differ from that of Africa, India, and Southeast Asia, which fell under formal colonial rule?

Next Steps: For Further Study

William Bowman et al., Imperialism in the Modern World (2007). A collection of short readings illustrating the various forms and faces of European expansion over the past several centuries.

Carter V. Finley, The Turks in World History (2004). A study placing the role of Turkish-speaking peoples in general and the Ottoman Empire in particular in a global context.

Maurice Jansen, The Making of Modern Japan (2000). A well-regarded account of Japan since 1600 by a leading scholar.

Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (1999). Probably the best single-volume account of Chinese history from about 1600 through the twentieth century.

E. Patricia Tsurumi, Factory Girls: Women in the Thread Mills of Meiji Japan (1990). An examination of the lives of women in Japan’s nineteenth-century textile factories.

Arthur Waley, The Opium War through Chinese Eyes (1968). An older classic that views the Opium War from various Chinese points of view.

MIT, “Visualizing Cultures: Image Driven Scholarship,” 2002. http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/home/index.html A collection of thoughtful essays and stunning images dealing with China and Japan during the nineteenth century.