Visual Source 8.3: A Literary Gathering
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Confucian cultural ideals gave great prominence to literature, poetry, and scholarly pursuits as leisure activities appropriate for “gentlemen.” Confucius himself had declared that “gentlemen make friends through literature, and through friendship increase their benevolence.” Thus literary gatherings of scholars and officials, often in garden settings, were common themes in Tang and Song dynasty paintings. Visual Source 8.3, by the tenth-century painter Zhou Wenju, provides an illustration of such a gathering.
Visual Source 8.3 A Literary Gathering (Palace Museum, Beijing/Cultural Relics Press)
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