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REVIEW EXERCISES

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In Problems 1–3, evaluate each function.

  1. f(x,y)=exlny

    1. (a) f(1,1)
    2. (b) f(x+Δx,y)
    3. (c) f(x,y+Δy)

(a) 0

(b) exx ln y

(c) ex ln(y + Δy)

  1. f(x,y)=2x2+6xyy3

    1. (a) f(1,1)
    2. (b) f(x+Δx,y)
    3. (c) f(x,y+Δy)
  1. f(x,y,z)=exsin1(y+2z)

    1. (a) f(ln3,12,14)
    2. (b) f(1,0,14)
    3. (c) f(0,0,0)

(a)

(b)

(c) 0

In Problems 4–7, find the domain of each function and graph the domain. Use a solid curve to indicate that the boundary is included and a dashed curve to indicate that the boundary is excluded.

  1. z=f(x,y)=ln(x23y)

  1. z=f(x,y)=9x24y2

{(x, y) | x2 + 4y2 ≤ 9}

  1. z=f(x,y)=25xy5y2

  1. z=f(x,y)=(y3x)2x+2y

  1. Find the domain of w=f(x,y,z)=y2+z2x2.

  1. Find the domain of w=f(x,y,z)=ex+ylnz.

{(x, y, z) | z > 0}

In Problems 10–13, graph each surface.

  1. z=f(x,y)=xy+5

  1. z=f(x,y)=sinx

  1. z=f(x,y)=lnx

  1. z=f(x,y)=ey

  1. For z=f(x,y)=x22y, graph the level curves corresponding to c=4, 1, 0, 1, 4.

  1. For z=f(x,y)=x2+y2, graph the level curves corresponding to c=0,1,4,9.

  1. For z=f(x,y)=e4x2+y2, graph the level curves corresponding to c=1, e, e4, e16.

  1. Describe the level surfaces associated with the function w=f(x,y,z)=4x2+y2+z2.

The level surfaces associated with the function w = 4x2 + y2 + z2 are ellipsoids and the point (0, 0, 0).

  1. Describe the level surfaces associated with the function w=f(x,y,z)=x+y+2z.

  1. Find lim.

  1. Find \lim\limits_{(x, y)\rightarrow (1, 2)}\dfrac{4x^{2}+y^{2} }{2x+y}.

  1. Let f(x, y)=\dfrac{3xy^{2}}{x^{2}+y^{4}}.

    1. (a) Show that \lim\limits_{(x, y)\rightarrow (0, 0)}f(x, y)=0 along the lines y=mx.
    2. (b) Find \lim\limits_{(x, y)\rightarrow (0, 0)}f(x, y) along the parabola x=y^{2}.
    3. (c) What can you conclude?

(a) See Student Solutions Manual.

(b)

(c) This limit does not exist.

860

  1. Show that \lim\limits_{(x, y, z)\rightarrow (0, 0, 0)}\dfrac{ 4xy}{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}} does not exist.

  1. Determine where the function f(x,y) =2x^{2}y-y^{2}+3 is continuous.

The function is continuous at all points (x, y) in the plane.

  1. Determine where the function R(x,y) =\dfrac{xy}{ x^{2}-y^{2}} is continuous.

    1. (a) Determine where the function f(x,y) =\tan ^{-1}\dfrac{1}{x^{2}+y^{2}} is continuous.
    2. (b) Find \lim\limits_{(x,y) \rightarrow ( 0,1) }\tan ^{-1}\dfrac{1}{x^{2}+y^{2}}.

(a) This function is continuous at all points (x, y) in the plane except the origin, (0, 0).

(b)

  1. Find f_{x} and f_{y} for z=f(x, y)=e^{x^{2}+y^{2}}\sin (xy).

  1. Find f_{x} and f_{y} for z=f(x, y)=\dfrac{x+y}{y}.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} and \dfrac{\partial z}{ \partial y} for z=f(x, y)=\sqrt{x-2y^{2}}.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} and \dfrac{\partial z}{ \partial y} for z=f(x, y)=e^{x}\ln ( 5x+2y) .

  1. For f(x, y)=\sqrt{x^{2}-y^{2}}, find f_{x}(2,1) and f_{y}(2,-1).

  1. For F(x, y)=e^{x}\sin y, find F_{x}\!\left( 0,\dfrac{\pi }{6} \right) and F_{y}\!\left( 0,\dfrac{\pi }{6}\right) .

  1. Find symmetric equations for the tangent line to the curve of intersection of the ellipsoid \dfrac{x^{2}}{24}+\dfrac{y^{2}}{12}+\dfrac{ z^{2}}{6}=1, and the plane y=1, where x=4 and z is positive.

  1. Find symmetric equations for the tangent line to the curve of intersection of the surface z=4x^{2}-y^{2}+7:

    1. (a) With the plane y=-2 at the point (1,-2,7).
    2. (b) With the plane x=1 at the point (1,-2,7).

(a) y=-2,

(b) x = 1,

  1. Boyle’s Law The volume V of a gas varies directly with the temperature T and inversely with the pressure P.

    1. (a) Find the rate of change of the volume V with respect to the temperature T.
    2. (b) Find the rate of change of the volume V with respect to the pressure P.
    3. (c) If T and P are functions of t, what is \dfrac{\partial V}{\partial t}?

In Problems 35 and 36, find the second-order partial derivatives f_{xx}, f_{xy}, f_{yx}, and f_{yy}.

  1. z=f(x,y) =( x+y^{2}) e^{3x}

fxx (x, y) = 6e3x + 9(x + y2)e3x; fxy(x, y) = 6ye3x; fyx (x, y) = 6ye3x; fyy(x, y) = 2e3x

  1. z=f(x,y) =\sec (xy)

In Problems 37–40, find f_{x}, f_{y}, and f_{z}.

  1. w=f(x,y,z)=e^{xyz}

fx = yzexyz; fy = xzexyz; fz = xyexyz

  1. w=f(x,y,z)=ze^{xy}

  1. f(x,y,z)=e^{x}\sin y+e^{y}\sin z

fx = ex sin y; fy = ex cos y + ey sin z; fz = ey cos z

  1. w=f(x,y,z)=z\tan ^{-1}\dfrac{y}{x}

  1. For the function z=x^{3}y^{2}-2xy^{4}+3x^{2}y^{3}, show that x\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=5z.

See Student Solutions Manual.

  1. Find the change \Delta z in z=f(x,y)=xy^{2}+2 from (x_{0},y_{0}) to (x_{0}+\Delta x, y_{0}+\Delta y). Use the answer to calculate the change in z from (1,0) to (0.9,0.2).

  1. Show that the function z=f(x,y)=xy-5y^{2} is differentiable at any point (x,y) in its domain by:

    1. (a) Finding \Delta z.
    2. (b) Finding \eta _{1} and \eta _{2} so that \Delta z=f_{x}(x_{0},y_{0})\Delta x+ f_{y}(x_{0},y_{0})\Delta y+\eta _{1}\Delta x+\eta _{2}\Delta y.
    3. (c) Show that \lim\limits_{(\Delta x, \Delta y)\rightarrow (0, 0)}\eta_{1}=0 and \lim\limits_{(\Delta x, \Delta y)\rightarrow (0, 0)}\eta _{2}=0.

(a) Δz = (yx + (x − 10yy + (Δyx + (−5Δyy

(b) η1 = Δy; η2 = −5Δy

(c) See Student Solutions Manual.

In Problems 44 and 45, find the differential dz of each function.

  1. z=x\sqrt{1+y^{2}}

  1. z=\sin ^{-1}\dfrac{x}{y}, y>0

In Problems 46 and 47, find the differential dw of each function.

  1. w=ze^{xy}

  1. w=\ln (xyz)

  1. Use differentials to estimate the change in z=x\sqrt{1+y^{2}} from ( 4,0) to ( 4.1,0.1) .

  1. Use differentials to estimate the change in z=\sin ^{-1}\dfrac{x}{y} from ( 0,1) to ( 0.1,1.1) .

\Delta z ≈ 0.1

  1. Use the differential of f(x,y)=y^{2}\cos x to find an approximate value of f(0.05,1.98). (Compare your answer with a calculator result.)

  1. Electricity The electrical resistance R of a wire is R=k \dfrac{L}{D^{2}} where L is the length of the wire, D is the diameter of the wire, and k is a constant. If L has a 1\% error and D has a 2\% error, what is the approximate maximum percentage error in the computation of R?

The approximate maximum percentage error is 5%.

  1. Find \dfrac{dz}{dt} if z=\sin (xy)-x\sin y, where x=e^{t} and y=te^{t}.

  1. Find \dfrac{dw}{dt} if w=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{ x}, where x=\dfrac{1}{t}, y=\dfrac{1}{t^{2}}, and z=\dfrac{1}{t^{3}}.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial w}{\partial u} and \dfrac{\partial w}{ \partial v} if w=xy+yz-xz, where x=u+v, y=uv, and z=v. Express each answer in terms of u and v.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} and \dfrac{\partial u}{ \partial s} if u=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}, where x=r\cos s, y=r\sin s , and z=\sqrt{r^{2}+s^{2}}. Express each answer in terms of r and s.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} and \dfrac{\partial z}{ \partial y} if z=f(x,y) is defined implicitly by F(x,y,z)=x^{2}+y^{2}-2xyz=0.

  1. Find \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} and \dfrac{\partial z}{ \partial y} if z=f(x,y) is defined implicitly by F(x,y,z)=2x\sin y+2y\sin x+2xyz=0.

  1. If z=uf( u^{2}+v^{2}) , show that 2v\dfrac{ \partial z}{\partial u}-2u\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=\dfrac{2vz}{u}.