Correct. The answer is C. In early February 2008, before Obama’s victory in the Iowa primary, the cartoonist was assuming that Hillary Clinton would easily defeat Obama thanks to her political strength; the support of her husband, Bill (feeding fuel into the engine); and the contributions of the National Organization for Women, pedaling the machine at the rear.

Incorrect. The correct answer is C. In early February 2008, before Obama’s victory in the Iowa primary, the cartoonist was assuming that Hillary Clinton would easily defeat Obama thanks to her political strength; the support of her husband, Bill (feeding fuel into the engine); and the contributions of the National Organization for Women, pedaling the machine at the rear.

Correct. The answer is A. The Wizard of Oz theme was useful for depicting Barack Obama as a naïve underdog who, to everyone’s surprise, defeated a large and powerful enemy. The theme was also apt for showing how Hillary Clinton’s candidacy quickly lost momentum after Obama’s early victories.

Incorrect. The correct answer is A. The Wizard of Oz theme was useful for depicting Barack Obama as a naïve underdog who, to everyone’s surprise, defeated a large and powerful enemy. The theme was also apt for showing how Hillary Clinton’s candidacy quickly lost momentum after Obama’s early victories.

Correct. The answer is B. The cartoon suggests that Obama defeated Clinton using “high tone rhetoric” (illustrated by the Obama character’s bucket of water) against her repeated efforts to suggest that he was not well-suited to the job of U.S. president (illustrated by the broom marked “smear campaign”).

Incorrect. The correct answer is B. The cartoon suggests that Obama defeated Clinton using “high tone rhetoric” (illustrated by the Obama character’s bucket of water) against her repeated efforts to suggest that he was not well-suited to the job of U.S. president (illustrated by the broom marked “smear campaign”).

Correct. The answer is C. The Democratic contest between Obama and Clinton in 2008 was the product of many historical factors coming together, but it was most directly the result of the gains made by the civil rights movement and the women’s movement in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Incorrect. The correct answer is C. The Democratic contest between Obama and Clinton in 2008 was the product of many historical factors coming together, but it was most directly the result of the gains made by the civil rights movement and the women’s movement in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Correct. The answer is D. The cartoonists’ conscious intention to avoid portraying Clinton and Obama using sexist and racist stereotypes showed an awareness of these issues that came from the civil rights and feminist movements. Although these two movements still had much to accomplish in 2008, both had a significant influence on mainstream culture and on Americans’ sensitivity to the issues of race and gender.

Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The cartoonists’ conscious intention to avoid portraying Clinton and Obama using sexist and racist stereotypes showed an awareness of these issues that came from the civil rights and feminist movements. Although these two movements still had much to accomplish in 2008, both had a significant influence on mainstream culture and on Americans’ sensitivity to the issues of race and gender.