Source 13.7: Lamentation: The Aftermath of Defeat

In the aftermath of this agonizing defeat, Aztec survivors composed a number of songs or poems, lamenting their terrible loss. These selections are part of a larger collection of Aztec poetry known as the Cantares Mexicanos (Songs of the Aztecs), compiled in the late sixteenth century.

Questions to consider as you examine the source:

Cantares Mexicanos, Late Sixteenth Century

The Fall of Tenochtitlán

Our cries of grief rise up / and our tears rain down, / for Tlatelolco [an Aztec city] is lost.

The Aztecs are fleeing across the lake; / they are running away like women.

How can we save our homes, my people? / The Aztecs are deserting the city:

the city is in flames, and all / is darkness and destruction . . .

Weep, my people: / know that with these disasters / we have lost the Mexican nation.

The water has turned bitter, / our food is bitter! / These are the acts of the Giver of Life . . .

The Aztecs are besieged in the city; / the Tlatelolcas are besieged in the city!

The walls are black, / the air is black with smoke, / the guns flash in the darkness.

They have captured Cuauhtemoc; / they have captured the princes of Mexico . . . /

The kings are prisoners now. / They are bound with chains.

Flowers and Songs of Sorrow

Nothing but flowers and songs of sorrow / are left in Mexico and Tlatelolco,

where once we saw warriors and wise men.

We know it is true / that we must perish, / for we are mortal men.

You, the Giver of Life, / you have ordained it.

We wander here / and there in our desolate poverty. / We are mortal men.

We have seen bloodshed and pain / where once we saw beauty and valor.

We are crushed to the ground; / we lie in ruins.

There is nothing but grief and suffering / In Mexico and Tlatelolco, /

where once we saw beauty and valor.

Have you grown weary of your servants? / Are you angry with your servants, / O Giver of Life?

Source: Miguel León-Portilla, The Broken Spears (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 71–78, 80–81. Copyright © 1962, 1990 by Miguel León-Portilla. Expanded and Updated Edition © 1992 by Miguel León-Portilla. Reprinted by permission of Beacon Press, Boston.