thinkingthroughsourcesap

Organize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 14

Source Links:

Source 14.1 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

Source 14.2 A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London

Source 14.3 Letters to King João of Portugal

Source 14.4 Conversation with Joseph Dupuis

Source 14.5A Sale of Slaves in West Africa

Source 14.5B The Slave Ship Wildfire

Source 14.5C Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC

Source 14.6A Voyages and Slave Rebellion: An Aggregate Statistic

Source 14.6B Changing Patterns of the Slave Trade

Source 14.6C Percentage of Slave Arrivals by Destination

The following exercises provide an opportunity to use the sources collectively to respond to a guiding question.

Guiding Question

How did the experience of various groups involved in the Atlantic slave trade differ from one another? How can you account for those differences?

Instructions

Below are five topics that might find a place in organizing an essay responding to the guiding question. This exercise asks you to identify which sources would provide relevant evidence for that topic. Select the best answers for each question. Choose ALL that apply.

Click the “submit” button for each question to turn in your work.

Question 14.31

Which sources provide evidence on the human suffering generated by the slave trade? Choose ALL that apply.
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	A. Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	B. Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	C. Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	D. Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	E. Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	F. Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade

Correct: Source 14.1: Equiano offers a harrowing firsthand account of his kidnapping and the terrible conditions he endured while crossing the Atlantic. Source 14.2: While this source makes few references to the suffering of slaves, it does indicate that over 200 slaves perished during the Phillips’s crossing of the Atlantic. Source 14.3: This source details the kidnapping of freemen who were sold as slaves and the disruption that this practice caused in society. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sales of Slaves in West Africa depict two slaves shackled together, while Source 14.5B The Slave Ship Wildfire provides evidence of the overcrowded conditions on slave ships. Source 14.6: These data provide evidence that well over a million slaves perished on the Atlantic crossing. Source 14.4: Osei Bonsu speaks in support of the slave trade, making no mention of the human suffering involved.

Incorrect: Source 14.1: Equiano offers a harrowing firsthand account of his kidnapping and the terrible conditions he endured while crossing the Atlantic. Source 14.2: While this source makes few references to the suffering of slaves, it does indicate that over 200 slaves perished during the Phillips’s crossing of the Atlantic. Source 14.3: This source details the kidnapping of freemen who were sold as slaves and the disruption that this practice caused in society. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sales of Slaves in West Africa depict two slaves shackled together, while Source 14.5B The Slave Ship Wildfire provides evidence of the overcrowded conditions on slave ships. Source 14.6: These data provide evidence that well over a million slaves perished on the Atlantic crossing. Source 14.4: Osei Bonsu speaks in support of the slave trade, making no mention of the human suffering involved.

Question 14.32

Which sources provide evidence on the roles played by African facilitators of the slave trade? Choose ALL that apply.
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	A. Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	B. Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	C. Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	D. Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	E. Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	F. Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade

Correct: Source 14.1: Equiano notes how Africans kidnapped him from his family and how he was sold to several African slave owners before being sold to Europeans. Source 14.2: The ruler of Whydah and his nobles all sell slaves to European merchants. Source 14.3: While Affonso has difficulty controlling the slave trade in his realm, his letter to the king of Portugal makes clear that many of his subjects kidnapped freemen to sell to European slave traders. Source 14.4: Osei Bonsu regularly sells prisoners of war to Muslim traders and wishes to reestablish the trade with Europeans. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sale of Slaves in West Africa depicts an African slave trader bargaining with a European slave trader. Source 14.6: These data record European shipments of slaves from Africa and therefore do not offer any direct evidence on African facilitators of the slave trade.

Incorrect: Source 14.1: Equiano notes how Africans kidnapped him from his family and how he was sold to several African slave owners before being sold to Europeans. Source 14.2: The ruler of Whydah and his nobles all sell slaves to European merchants. Source 14.3: While Affonso has difficulty controlling the slave trade in his realm, his letter to the king of Portugal makes clear that many of his subjects kidnapped freemen to sell to European slave traders. Source 14.4: Osei Bonsu regularly sells prisoners of war to Muslim traders and wishes to reestablish the trade with Europeans. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sale of Slaves in West Africa depicts an African slave trader bargaining with a European slave trader. Source 14.6: These data record European shipments of slaves from Africa and therefore do not offer any direct evidence on African facilitators of the slave trade.

Question 14.33

Which sources provide evidence from the perspective of European slave buyers? Choose ALL that apply.
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	A. Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	B. Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	C. Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	D. Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	E. Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	F. Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade

Correct: Source 14.2: Phillips’s account provides a European perspective, especially on negotiating with African rulers. Source 14.4: Joseph Dupuis offers a European perspective on why the slave trade must end to Osei Bonsu. Source 14.5: All three of these images were created by Europeans. Source 14.1: Equiano provides an African account. Source 14.3: Affonso complains that European slave traders deal in kidnapped free people, but the letters provide an African perspective on the trade. Source 14.6: While these data are drawn from European sources, they do not offer a distinctly European perspective on the slave trade, instead providing an overview of the volume and distribution of slaves transported on European ships.

Incorrect: Source 14.2: Phillips’s account provides a European perspective, especially on negotiating with African rulers. Source 14.4: Joseph Dupuis offers a European perspective on why the slave trade must end to Osei Bonsu. Source 14.5: All three of these images were created by Europeans. Source 14.1: Equiano provides an African account. Source 14.3: Affonso complains that European slave traders deal in kidnapped free people, but the letters provide an African perspective on the trade. Source 14.6: While these data are drawn from European sources, they do not offer a distinctly European perspective on the slave trade, instead providing an overview of the volume and distribution of slaves transported on European ships.

Question 14.34

Which sources provide evidence concerning the life of slaves in the Americas? Choose ALL that apply.
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	A. Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	B. Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	C. Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	D. Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	E. Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	F. Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade

Correct: Source 14.1: Equiano describes the sale of slaves in the Americas and the introduction of slaves to plantation life. Source 14.2: The end of Phillips’s account records the auction of a shipload of slaves in Barbados. Source 14.5: Source 14.5C Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, offers evidence about the sale of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.6: These data offer evidence concerning the number of slaves who arrived in the Americas and their distribution between regions through time. Source 14.3: These letters do not address the experience of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.4: This conversation between Osei Bonsu and Joseph Dupuis focuses on the sale of slaves in West Africa, not the Americas.

Incorrect: Source 14.1: Equiano describes the sale of slaves in the Americas and the introduction of slaves to plantation life. Source 14.2: The end of Phillips’s account records the auction of a shipload of slaves in Barbados. Source 14.5: Source 14.5C Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, offers evidence about the sale of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.6: These data offer evidence concerning the number of slaves who arrived in the Americas and their distribution between regions through time. Source 14.3: These letters do not address the experience of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.4: This conversation between Osei Bonsu and Joseph Dupuis focuses on the sale of slaves in West Africa, not the Americas.

Question 14.35

Which sources provide evidence concerning the buying and selling of slaves? Choose ALL that apply.
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	A. Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	B. Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	C. Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	D. Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante
1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA==	E. Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade
ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw==	F. Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade

Correct: Source 14.1: In his account, Equiano is sold a number of times to both African and European owners. Source 14.2: This source focuses on the negotiations involved in purchasing slaves with the permission of an African ruler. Source 14.3: This source is particularly revealing concerning the illicit trade in kidnapped freemen. Source 14.4: This source provides evidence of how an African ruler approached the selling of slaves. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sale of Slaves in West Africa depicts African and European slave traders negotiating, while Source 14.5C Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, offers evidence about the auction of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.6: These data offer no evidence concerning the buying or selling of slaves, although they do offer evidence of their transport across the Atlantic.

Incorrect: Source 14.1: In his account, Equiano is sold a number of times to both African and European owners. Source 14.2: This source focuses on the negotiations involved in purchasing slaves with the permission of an African ruler. Source 14.3: This source is particularly revealing concerning the illicit trade in kidnapped freemen. Source 14.4: This source provides evidence of how an African ruler approached the selling of slaves. Source 14.5: Source 14.5A Sale of Slaves in West Africa depicts African and European slave traders negotiating, while Source 14.5C Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, offers evidence about the auction of slaves in the Americas. Source 14.6: These data offer no evidence concerning the buying or selling of slaves, although they do offer evidence of their transport across the Atlantic.