PROBLEMS

Question 31.1

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Question 31.2

phzavnLOa9WdWj/ZQS0hLmzPHUoVdMqQzDtwWIPlBKf5j2J14Y3OzkImhtkru/BrwBkuKjcWzBFa3m+twpRBm1np7pCIJ+D2Zw46pdJa3PaVJRy1bKS8vX15s0Q8G4KVdsV/WEoAAa5kv/ZWsAfLpstYFvPY/9og0Z5PYk13n+fnSThw2A3WruTwtCa/edS+5OKPnmgDv181glfCyFFqKzl9CBU0vyplBELqjpYq0nErPYxyM2wUE4c41blrbM5cdQcOZhFdcmD71tw0IwDP96DzuVLMJAAsS6PRctMCNkI=

Question 31.3

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

Question 31.4

FN+kM2adUrxoauTgTE2mPSWslefiidodoMkt7KcZOcMvX3R2MBrSzVO2jPLa8n9rsTFt9CeGOHim50PRTS2nfmw+jH2u1ijd/VIacNp2tKyt0Ri+wCeDD181hfm/qOMa8UzLBVxqhTcYczRnvGPotQ8bqTyAoFTNt+EHrRvh54wjM1Ho5TuXTVA1TU0dOXP/ZTgegoUTl7RlOIqmfk1Hd4cpCqi1hl/PL6VB2PgNp2bOM4/H

Question 31.5

wfTAo86ecLiMlJ6iBulxRxr2cRyzALHgqmTHBAVyh56ZTL+4f6nlRrrGTKI4Asu2wb6j3sP1VA/p9PDGEShJb43hBvajOXtz66PP8krIlW/AbWIoZdI+I0HyGIeS/6pIz9i4wKJl49Bbj8Aw5WvxnhcXlK3SCua9GHcMnaobsbqgDZ039G0VJ40Q9iJLni2zqfQ9tqc4jiTmeSnYBnU+r4ouUsdFzHbmNCqaS2mf2+/WZpTadpWfyzbR9NBzf6SGx0RyPlrqD6E4DDvadYobLP0t+/QhqPKLEl6i/h1Mf7bxmuHdcOSY7GPOlFxsS9et8/x21vHWLFs=

Question 31.6

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

Question 31.7

KbkckzAr9r3HT/zKaGuG32IdlL8bfU6UE8CFOj5fnCsvkkCnL5k026MbeNB/9EDf5yG+UM356kzkq3PV9Pm0pAcqupBRyz97Dj1W4uYHOxlsW6lXeiirFv3uPnEBNioXO9vrESGg/G5w5CCxtQ3/XqSVwBRJVRJQ4onr+5dIVlJY4oVBQRVNyXQNHRQL95KpewMYPrf384tT+2p229k0/i3nWNxGHSxEO9hiBA==

Question 31.8

Ky1HIbfX5/xyzFcL6lTQq/K+Fyh6kMxl8+dkQ9FM45Zvl9vJqj/S/ixrT7MAB2rjumJxnShcTkci4VtZa3MQLwlonLm65S9Al0impLCq1oh0ubCSV0uEZn3CpWKPY8Dlbki5xw4fHIEC7oWXjEFLpoE1Fuh8pfFNEc36iUQ5Eb05/XWrTAVXp5lCMEDAqIv9GkNSag==

Question 31.9

tRM0k/NwF8WIPuQLPNL3v/yAAzP/pW9T0iXXKJO4Y9JocfqaQxzKmYQHZ0Zfv0lUFkXEk/D4swRjYwHrxblC44ftilWWLWd7sP25csCXb7p/Oxig7qp2ahUnlUz+1Y//PNc7acj5JZXzBXqA8O9SsPEZFQ16msE6X5CZuSmnowpiGJFAiKlW1Y0oxH4CzbYcfrbY6Q==

Question 31.10

91e1xtO4iGRIGDKpfFOozFMYYJVy1A+HpfZ1maqaIxMJQ7+0DXhoxQa13MfZEx+3JOrUPtHsC9NAAb+TcNnJQu36eBDjAausqEMTIGKKSvO1x2v14l8DjHfvcbOJpht3TW3WyzHGa1Xz3yHu+a8Yh7t0q2czP4QLBhNi05DtdBKit+Azkd571GaPgBI/P8t208TVQIvA4uAXMWF67UH3opgCYj/23fHj7e3Rqg37lUsMStoripyKDPqC0SsA0VA+hNxi48UFPNZWEUSY9nw4IDVvzJhx+otxSTPQkcZo3+f44uSK8Qqt/Ktvoua1KJjq1U0pdlWwdVfljue+72sqpN9wgCFSTkhL+TAGjfufVa9Fyzham7+tdLWSeZghfo7Vh4fCuILttpbjJmWIeypLHA==

Question 31.11

UQhZ++FTJH17FYNTS4K44MuUmgTJJGDEWI0tpJEXMJ5VdOpndVuQsiuw3G7AJlMSgWNS3nmZfDNU40kNykKv6cF2Re5bhK5LucmGWM3J+24ocgrrgmPqBAuW25CyMaBb

Question 31.12

wgAMZRjtU8eqOA5J0TnWCjFEabueGBT6z1Rqv4mOL2uIJi1x6VPLG1G4mc1xrrHd8nznCWEKPHF/qXAtguJUKtjrp3fUEUr6FlF6rYbPq6Y5QHjRDIxLM7PHmXsyu+/eoZkauLRxFj4DO1xNeFzJwA==

Question 31.13

swSVnDwOgC+JYW7HsVmq4N2fWiKloO2DL+1e3FQo2Lkku58UHhEM/II3fh5vxPM1ZmzgSGjWQiuKQVBzyIMGBhwAEOd5ZGLI1AM9SjDsK2eFbWvi5OOo5yMpSaBacrMwr5vhq76jJm4yd4HDpzA5lvUr6gDiybMhtvAUONIThRkTT1oUP7KPE6EQChxmmbTMJENGaQOdONUThlBgKJGSPeRux311VhXQS+oLbXvjKg03x8B+EtvOg0OZ7Kt0NXcVY1675DkS1VlXqm46KAd0urqfVUBjVx0qLhtIgbQubplKkU9Fz61hPKbBjtVUR9lioT+sz8l5yDYQhhO6+fInRO1koMbzbYxuf9QlIJ5217CcWlzPMON7Kjy767rK6HHdUUv94w==

Question 31.14

9x/07DJy+SYsGdEktRUnr5pPEG6t3v0kfCViodrjsfrULHrJRf9pWeXMg9hmg5YqiRcZejIKX0Uz8wVAfRLQ3bM9LKDzb4lztPgJH7UuP6gW2VzpLhBOlytbDydQd0bkC1SG0UXpbT4QFjjwLam+R7EAw+nzI7T4jgntsqUsiRfKu83DjlzksUhx/dnOZhJblpXvLEcw39UbceX3mFzsBqWjFX8j1SYNJAcMJmDYR1FplXbcNGGzJ21e9L6XiSUQLCel8ni7w0WoY2xyjujt1AAVoBxAhu4GbWx20A==

Question 31.15

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

Question 31.16

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

583

Chapter Integration and Data Interpretation Problems

Question 31.17

XnC7chB9CtEx1y/hujg6Ui9lzuKoPSy3yQlrpKHlp4HqHo/9dzKSP232ANJPxLP3tF8QejTEri207LbNlr85raw06LUEr8ei/H/qdyq8fDuiNe7hX11GIebizLvdTIe8CjqV0b1ji0j93aZUOlzMn89JvIv3+95gi7ZYVuOzVw6e2OwK6GVzezS90f6KnUwv0rjzxkNiJQu0fxN7AZIy7AIy84zqUdf8TkLkYBpbt3ZRe0zaBSmKpszoeO8mllyr7Tg8FTFWYNVKyENzRkViRPu8wWM=

Question 31.18

amrbHi9uJEI2VaCthpbBzYApf1lSu6fhEwMATRFHCyHE05BRUOWvXy4hsNPNwjz4Wp/H4/EF9CV3sgnSGUcQbx2s4505GYQe/bWM/5BmSjb8vKUp1gA/GmdGQps6zeTduSeilQXJUzyr3Ced+qXWdWVzhtIPLfkx2AKYUbDkCkztYWwFPHLkcMT8AGITCvYZemc3VyX2KjASE9y8x00m4gkvxCJtbzoA3cGo8RHlbgrgaKP6RVgjV/cstjwb7Oiyop4I7X0/Ml3aXP7sbzPfsRxMnZp3Or00XKwrT3UG39mwhJscnYHlrDvhSOc=

Question 31.19

W5zXB7aEdqVz5QalpDuDo+6x5RWS04bJ3S4NLJZYeW/gB46JvmEmTnqKh0dALKJWvXKEQ1GwFsCogAKDQJPApxNMtHOygV6YfDb9tOyKmtljZHzGkt+m7b04BKpQbknWmtTWsNvbEDdw3KNm1rzWoS3ZsnkJyJMiS/haY9Bvq4yXFFicyX7jlip9t8cIWxvnx6ESazwbkYh/MT/ylyF2FXwVd0D9pZleXYfxz98wJMyf5pqktIbTO3+wDotOXRYnM6BnJMJBAUFKkM/TCwGbK7J0VajGeB/xVEa8c7dI2jqsxhJDsX+/0jTS9HJO3769XWrVEvOQpDjh3BBinMNUfZa/5K0sevDW7Wbh2CYa3Sg41Tkextx27vwSVZvzwmHvRSNbNFh3tMI7/71Qz3hubIl8G2CghQUJ5n4+dP0/gUD/4msQ

Question 31.20

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

Challenge Problems

Question 31.21

fF/TGJt44Edu8InFANTxXU3Gpb/CaNszAoOj6ckZFc96rSQdmRcFW0hCv0JIzj8VdUEKjRYX4xA4VUERg0Yhw8dIPKfkHmmpOTWWFiMnrO+GNrM81FGgcnEGnnTD2ZV3qUsDKqanmeK0TJQxlZDn0cX2Lg0UgWTP7aXinfhlNr8ZN9D62VD6WetVb2sFoZqN9/9D9J2RjLPvhpRtGJQnMZ5oG/c2kS/L4DtyGg==

Question 31.22

AeTrSyW/oxqW8q9ggSp8CR7SXWEU3KOTqJYV9+3aY+dQSRAhHm2QU9Jr7GwuqlF9pii80sdt/9Ex8UTyBWWn3uu/1J9Pd9Sn5kD+NGZwf+B/6prKmE8zeCGeIrZC494RG1CtJVGWUb1ZBiHnxbh/oqQHDMYWmUw9c8znygY5V1VZ91cZkEEKIwnmN8N8Bn4FgGGGaBlfWVoVHN1jE/Fn2GbtKAdCxlFVi+ARK4JxB8xbRzZ/dOp/MPoPb4ANxwitFvsJvduke38dHNgDAUO0gVvDD/6XbfQ+kxhFJpAAbeOu6eOI

Question 31.23

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

584

Selected Readings for this chapter can be found online at www.whfreeman.com/tymoczko3e.