| Sediment | Rock | Chemical Composition | Minerals |
|---|
| Biological | | | |
| Sand and mud (primarily bioclastic) | Limestone | Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) | Calcite, aragonite |
| Siliceous sediment | Chert | Silica (SiO2) | Opal, chaldeony, quartz |
| Peat, organic matter | Organics | Carbon compounds; carbon compounded with oxygen and hydrogen | (Coal, oil, natural gas) |
| No primary sediment (formed by diagenesis) | Phosphorite | Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) | Apatite |
| Chemical | | | |
| No primary sediment (formed by diagenesis) | Dolostone | Calcium-magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2) | Dolomite |
| Iron oxide sediment | Iron formation | Iron silicate; oxide (Fe2O3);limonite, carbonate | Hematite, siderite |
| Evaporite sediment | Evaporite | Calcium sulfate (CaSO4); sodium chloride (NaCl) | Gypsum, anhydrite, halite, other salts |