Figure 13-22: RIVUXG Sand Dunes on Titan Unlike sand on Earth, which is made of small particles of silicate rock, sand on Titan is probably made from a mixture of water-ice and organic compounds. The organic compounds give the dark sand their color, which might look like coffee grounds. A mountainous region in the center of this image prevents formation of dunes. Concentrated around the equator, at least 13 percent of Titan’s total surface area is covered in dunes.