Chapter 7. CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING CHARGAFF’S RULES

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

Describe the structure of DNA by correctly filling in the blanks in the following sentences. To fill in a blank, select the best choice of word or phrase from the pulldown menu.

The three-dimensional structure of DNA is composed of kuWLBwhIJ86li8gopkBtlS41BeMJHSDI strands of vyozJdhozLLO80ont+VLl+YVepgnIgiEpIFeRKzEpLpqV57m that q0Lco+FH4uEnhjhvLC5QbgEBLtiI5tx+KAKeUfs8tMAtlJ9ziW3FL5rXRRM= each other to form RWWhKIgOxpT89LpxkmnevpaAJp0EmTCR074rmwItKN/xCkm4/kB/2lBPzXGEASUIo1ZiqA== . The PyVWKOTgM2+B/DoKBZjAubW7Fwf0ZnC4/ZrQGQ== strands are held to each other by S+HNf43pJkVMW5AFmd+VaI56x8+K7j6GZr+QpOLxHFbwIXLlARCxyEHeRMp/Tgr2sCzVRZq+7vU= between the VYpnh9xgwKHzzVLk5L4WDDBgvwJydQMWlHydPA== of each strand.
1
Correct. DNA is a double helix made of two polynucleotide strands that are oriented such that the nitrogenous bases of each strand face inward and toward each other. Hydrogen bonds between the bases on opposite strands hold the two strands together.
Incorrect. DNA is a double helix made of two polynucleotide strands that are oriented such that the nitrogenous bases of each strand face inward and toward each other. Hydrogen bonds between the bases on opposite strands hold the two strands together.

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

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
1

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

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
1

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

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
1

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

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
1

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

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
1

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

sJCLqQ2oOpi/qPQ70NlH5mF9g71ASZ+9gQOAVxRnHob78Eogsp+br8ObQZtriA3tPLRn9NBuxBWja2x+kp4YoBNMU38sLOp5dBPhzyNo8pnnDh0dTvU1eN7LWB8fcWKeU8nJ2Cobippg9D5RawhBER5RomuVDWEQt/fcLybkzrTUBGkOvH06Jg==
1
Correct. The percentage of AT is found by subtracting the percentage of GC from 100. Thus 100% - 48% = 52%.
Incorrect. The percentage of AT is found by subtracting the percentage of GC from 100. Thus 100% - 48% = 52%.

Introduction

Unpacking the Problem
true
true
You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

If the GC content of a DNA sample is 48%, what are the percentages of the nucleotides in this sample?

Unpack the Problem: Break this problem into several parts and arrive at a solution using this guided, step-by-step approach.

  • Part A (steps 1-3): First, it is necessary to understand the basic structure and nomenclature of DNA.
  • Part B (steps 4 and 5): Second, the mechanism and rules of base pairing in DNA are explored.
  • Part C (steps 6-8): Finally, calculations are performed in order to determine the proportion of each nucleotide in this particular sample of DNA.

Question

At this point you know the percentage of GC in the DNA sample (it was given), and you should have calculated the percentage of AT in the sample as well as the percentage of G alone. To complete this problem, fill in the table below with the correct percentages of each nucleotide in this sample.

Nucleotide % in sample of DNA
G 38HibtDJEKj/EItA
C 38HibtDJEKj/EItA
A 3spC35TwwuIinX/2
T 3spC35TwwuIinX/2
1
Correct. Congratulations!! You exhibit a clear understand of Chargaff’s rules.
Incorrect. In Step 6, you determined the percentage of G in the sample to be half of the GC content, or G = 24%. Since C base pairs only with G, then C must also be 24% of the total nucleotide content in the DNA sample. In Step 7 the amount of AT content was determined by subtracting the amount of GC content from 100%. Thus the AT content = 52%, which is composed of equal parts A and T.

Conclusion

Within the sequence of DNA resides the information to manufacture specific proteins inside a cell. The cellular machinery uses a DNA sequence as a template, and RNA polymerase reads it and synthesizes an mRNA transcript using the rules of complementary base pairing. The mRNA transcript interacts with ribosomes and the adapter molecules, tRNAs, to build a polypeptide chain that folds into a protein. Again it is complementary base pairing rules that determine which tRNA binds to a codon of the mRNA. The genetic code reveals the relationships between each mRNA codon and its corresponding amino acid. It is the tRNA molecules that functionally perform the code conversion: translating a nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids. In this problem you have used base-pairing rules and the genetic code to reinforce how information encoded in DNA is retained and transferred through RNA molecules to ultimately build a protein.