CHRONOLOGY

1808

  • External slave trade is outlawed.

1820s–1830s

  • Southern legislatures enact slave codes.
  • Southern intellectuals fashion a systematic defense of slavery.

1830

  • Southern slaves number approximately two million.

1836

  • Arkansas is admitted to Union as slave state.

1840

  • Cotton accounts for more than 60 percent of nation’s exports.

1845

  • Texas and Florida are admitted to Union as slave states.

1860

  • Southern slaves number nearly four million, one-third of South’s population.