1517Protestant Reformation begins in Germany.
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1519Charles I of Spain becomes Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
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1524Giovanni da Verrazano explores Atlantic coast of North America for France.
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1535Jacques Cartier explores St. Lawrence River.
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1576Martin Frobisher explores northern Canadian waters.
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1578/1583Sir Humphrey Gilbert leads expeditions to Newfoundland.
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1585Sir Walter Raleigh leads colonial settlement at Roanoke Island.
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