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Introduction to Chapter 1
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 1
When and why do historians rely on the work of archaeologists?
How and why did humans migrate into North America?
African and Asian Origins
Pale
Why did Archaic Native Americans shift to foraging and hunting smaller animals?
Great Plains Bison Hunters
Great Basin Cultures
Pacific Coast Cultures
Eastern Woodland Cultures
How did agriculture influence Native American cultures?
Southwestern Cultures
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Artifacts of Daily Life in Chaco Canyon
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Daily Life in Chaco Canyon
Woodland Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
What cultural similarities did native peoples of the Western Hemisphere share in the 1490s?
Eastern and Great Plains Peoples
Southwestern and Western Peoples
Cultural Similarities
Why was tribute important in the Mexican empire?
Conclusion: How do we understand the worlds of ancient Americans?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 2
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 2
What factors led to European exploration in the fifteenth century?
Mediterranean Trade and European Expansion
A Century of Portuguese Exploration
What did Spanish explorers discover in the western Atlantic?
The Explorations of Columbus
The Geographic Revolution and the Columbian Exchange
How did Spaniards explore, conquer, and colonize New Spain?
The Conquest of Mexico
The Search for Other Mexicos
Spanish Outposts in Florida and New Mexico
New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Justifying Conquest
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Justifying Conquest
The Toll of Spanish Conquest and Colonization
What impact did Spain’s New World endeavors have in Europe?
The Protestant Reformation and the Spanish Response
Europe and the Spanish Example
Conclusion: What promise did the New World offer Europeans?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 3
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 3
What challenges faced early Chesapeake colonists?
The Fragile Jamestown Settlement
Cooperation and Conflict between Natives and Newcomers
From Private Company to Royal Government
How did Chesapeake tobacco society take shape?
Tobacco Agriculture
A Servant Labor System
The Rigors of Servitude
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Enslavement by Marriage
Cultivating Land and Faith
Why did Chesapeake colonial society change in the late seventeenth century?
Social and Economic Polarization
Government Policies and Political Conflict
Bacon’s Rebellion
Why did the southern colonies move toward a slave labor system?
Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland
The West Indies: Sugar and Slavery
Carolina: A West Indian Frontier
Slave Labor Emerges in the Chesapeake
Conclusion: Why were export crops and slave labor important in the growth of the southern colonies?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 4
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 4
Why did the Puritans emigrate to North America?
Puritan Origins: The English Reformation
The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony
How did New England society change during the seventeenth century?
Church, Covenant, and Conformity
Government by Puritans for Puritanism
The Splintering of Puritanism
Religious Controversies and Economic Changes
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Hunting Witches in Salem, Massachusetts
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Hunting Witches in Salem, Massachusetts
What was distinctive about the middle colonies?
From New Netherland to New York
New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania
What was the connection between the colonies and the English empire?
Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade
King Philip’s War and the Consolidation of Royal Authority
Conclusion: Was there an English model of colonization in North America?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 5
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 5
How did the North American colonies change in the eighteenth century?
What changed in New England life and culture?
Natural Increase and Land Distribution
Farms, Fish, and Atlantic Trade
What spurred the growth of the middle colonies?
German and Scot
“God Gives All Things to Industry”: Urban and Rural Labor
Why did slavery become the defining feature of the southern colonies?
The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Growth of Slavery
Slave Labor and African American Culture
Tobacco, Rice, and Prosperity
What experiences tended to unify the colonists in British North America during the eighteenth century?
Commerce and Consumption
Religion, Enlightenment, and Revival
Trade and Conflict in the North American Borderlands
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Spanish Priests Report on California Missions
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Spanish Priests Report on California Missions
Colonial Politics in the British Empire
Conclusion: What was the dual identity of British North American colonists?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 6
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 6
How did the Seven Years’ War lay the groundwork for colonial crisis?
Frenc
The Albany Congress
The War and Its Consequences
Pontiac’s Rebellion and the Proclamation of 1763
Why did the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act draw fierce opposition from colonists?
Grenville’s Sugar Act
The Stamp Act
Resistance Strategies and Crowd Politics
Liberty and Property
Why did British authorities send troops to occupy Boston in the fall of 1768?
The Townshend Duties
Nonconsumption and the Daughters of Liberty
Military Occupation and “Massacre” in Boston
Why did Parliament pass the Coercive Acts in 1774?
The Calm before the Storm
Tea in Boston Harbor
The Coercive Acts
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Reactions to the Boston Port Act outside of Massachusetts
Beyond Boston: Rural New England
The First Continental Congress
How did enslaved people in the colonies react to the stirrings of revolution?
Lexington and Concord
Rebelling against Slavery
Conclusion: What changes did the American colonists want in 1775?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 7
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 7
Why did Americans wait so long before they declared their independence?
Assuming Political and Military Authority
Pursuing Both War and Peace
Thomas Paine, Abigail Adams, and the Case for Independence
The Declaration of Independence
What initial challenges did the opposing armies face?
The American Military Forces
The British Strategy
Quebec, New York, and New Jersey
What role did the home front play in the war?
Patriotism at the Local Level
The Loyalists
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Families Divide over the Revolution
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Families Divide over the Revolution
Who Is a Traitor?
Prisoners of War
Financial Instability and Corruption
How were Native Americans and the French involved in the war?
Burgoyne’s Army and the Battle of Saratoga
The War in the West: Indian Country
The French Alliance
Why did the British southern strategy ultimately fail?
Georgia and South Carolina
Treason and Guerrilla Warfare
Surrender at Yorktown
The Losers and the Winners
Conclusion: Why did the British lose the American Revolution?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 8
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 8
What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create?
Confederation and Taxation
The Problem of Western Lands
Running the New Government
How did the states define citizenship and freedom?
The State Constitutions
Who Are “the People”?
Equality and Slavery
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
The War Debt and the Newburgh Conspiracy
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix
Land Ordinances and the Northwest Territory
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Northwest Ordinance and Slavery
The Requisition of 1785 and Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787
How did the Constitution change how the nation was governed?
From Annapolis to Philadelphia
The Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Democracy versus Republicanism
What were the objections to ratification of the Constitution?
The Federalists
The Antifederalists
The Big Holdouts: Virginia and New York
Conclusion: What was the “republican remedy”?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVING BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 9
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 9
What were the sources of political stability in the 1790s?
Washington Inaugurates the Government
The Bill of Rights
The Republican Wife and Mother
What were Hamilton’s economic policies?
Agriculture, Transportation, and Banking
The Public Debt and Taxes
The First Bank of the United States and the Report on Manufactures
The Whiskey Rebellion
What external threats did the United States face in the 1790s?
Creeks in the Southwest
Ohio Indians in the Northwest
France and Britain
The Haitian Revolution
How did partisan rivalries shape the politics of the late 1790s?
The Election of 1796
The XYZ Affair
The Alien and Sedition Acts
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Crisis of 1798: Sedition
Conclusion: Why did the new nation ultimately form political parties?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 10
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 10
How did Jefferson attempt to undo the Federalist innovations of earlier administrations?
Turbulent Times: Election and Rebellion
The Jeffersonian Vision of Republican Simplicity
Dangers Overseas: The Barbary Wars
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase for the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Osage and Comanche Indians
Why did Congress declare war on Great Britain in 1812?
Impressment and Embargo
Dolley Madison and Social Politics
Tecumseh and Tippecanoe
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Nation’s First Formal Declaration of War
Washington City Burns: The British Offensive
How did the civil status of free American women and men differ in the early Republic?
Women and the Law
Women and Church Governance
Female Education
Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams?
From Property to Democracy
The Missouri Compromise
The Monroe Doctrine
The Election of 1824
The Adams Administration
Conclusion: How did republican simplicity become complex?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 11
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 11
Why did the United States experience a market revolution after 1815?
Improvements in Transportation
Factories, Workingwomen, and Wage Labor
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Mill Girls Stand Up to Factory Owners, 1834
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Mill Girls Stand Up to Factory Owners, 1834
Bankers and Lawyers
Booms and Busts
Why did Andrew Jackson defeat John Quincy Adams so dramatically in the 1828 election?
Popular Politics and Partisan Identity
The Election of 1828 and the Character Issue
Jackson’s Democratic Agenda
What was Andrew Jackson’s impact on the presidency?
Indian Policy and the Trail of Tears
The Tariff of Abominations and Nullification
The Bank War and Economic Boom
How did social and cultural life change in the 1830s?
The Family and Separate Spheres
The Education and Training of Youths
The Second Great Awakening
The Temperance Movement and the Campaign for Moral Reform
Organizing against Slavery
Why was Martin Van Buren a on
The Politics of Slavery
Elections and Panics
Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the era of reform?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 12
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 12
What factors contributed to the United States’ “industrial evolution”?
Agriculture and Land Policy
Manufacturing and Mechanization
Railroads: Breaking the Bonds of Nature
How did the fre
The Fre
Economic Inequality
Immigrants and the Fre
What factors spurred westward expansion?
Manifest Destiny
Oregon and the Overland Trail
The Mormon Exodus
The Mexican Borderlands
Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?
The Politics of Expansion
The Mexica
Victory in Mexico
Golden California
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Gold Rush
How did reform movements change after 1840?
The Pursuit of Perfection: Transcendentalists and Utopians
Woman’s Rights Activists
Abolitionists and the American Ideal
Conclusion: How was white freedom in the West and North defined?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 13
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 13
Why did the South become so distinctly different from the North?
Cotton Kingdom, Slave Empire
The South in Black and White
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Defending Slavery
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Defending Slavery
The Plantation Economy
What was plantation life like for masters and mistresses?
Paternalism and Male Honor
The Southern Lady and Feminine Virtues
What was plantation life like for slaves?
Work
Family and Religion
Resistance and Rebellion
How did nonslaveholding southern whites work and live?
Plantatio
Upcountry Yeomen
Poor Whites
The Culture of the Plain Folk
What place did free blacks occupy in the South?
Precarious Freedom
Achievement despite Restrictions
How did slavery shape southern politics?
The Democratization of the Political Arena
Planter Power
Conclusion: How did slavery come to define the South?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 14
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 14
Why did the acquisition of land from Mexico contribute to sectional tensions?
The Wilmot Proviso and the Expansion of Slavery
The Election of 1848
Debate and Compromise
What factors helped unravel the balance between slave and free states?
The Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The Kansa
How did the party system change in the 1850s?
The Old Parties: Whigs and Democrats
The New Parties: Kno
The Election of 1856
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Women’s Politics
Why did northern fear of the “Slave Power” intensify in the 1850s?
“Bleeding Kansas”
The Dred Scott Decision
Prairie Republican: Abraham Lincoln
The Lincol
Why did some southern states secede immediately after Lincoln’s election?
The Aftermath of John Brown’s Raid
Republican Victory in 1860
Secession Winter
Conclusion: Why did political compromise fail?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 15
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 15
Why did both the Union and the Confederacy consider control of the border states crucial?
Attack on Fort Sumter
The Upper South Chooses Sides
Why did each side expect to win?
How They Expected to Win
Lincoln and Davis Mobilize
How did each side fare in the early years of the war?
Stalemate in the Eastern Theater
Union Victories in the Western Theater
The Atlantic Theater
International Diplomacy
How did the war for union become a fight for black freedom?
From Slaves to Contraband
From Contraband to Free People
The War of Black Liberation
What problems did the Confederacy face at home?
Revolution from Above
Hardship Below
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Home and Country
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Home and Country
The Disintegration of Slavery
How did the war affect the economy and politics of the North?
The Government and the Economy
Women and Work at Home and at War
Politics and Dissent
How did the Union finally win the war?
Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Grant Takes Command
The Election of 1864
The Confederacy Collapses
Conclusion: In what ways was the Civil War a “Second American Revolution”?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 16
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 16
Why did Congress object to Lincoln’s wartime plan for reconstruction?
“To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds”
Land and Labor
The African American Quest for Autonomy
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Meaning of Freedom
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Meaning of Freedom
How did the North respond to the passage of black codes in the southern states?
Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation
White Southern Resistance and Black Codes
Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights
How radical was congressional reconstruction?
The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence
Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule
Impeaching a President
The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands
What brought the elements of the South’s Republican coalition together?
Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen
Republican Rule
White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers
Why did Reconstruction collapse?
Grant’s Troubled Presidency
Northern Resolve Withers
White Supremacy Triumphs
An Election and a Compromise
Conclusion: Was Reconstruction “a revolution but half accomplished”?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 17
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 17
What did U.S. expansion mean for Native Americans?
Indian Removal and the Reservation System
The Decimation of the Great Bison Herds
Indian Wars and the Collapse of Comanchería
The Fight for the Black Hills
In what ways did different Indian groups defy and resist colonial rule?
Indian Schools and the War on Indian Culture
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Custer’s Last Stand
The Dawes Act and Indian Land Allotment
Indian Resistance and Survival
How did mining shape American expansion?
Life on the Comstock Lode
The Diverse Peoples of the West
How did the fight for land and resources in the West unfold?
Moving West: Homesteaders and Speculators
Tenants, Sharecroppers, and Migrants
Commercial Farming and Industrial Cowboys
Territorial Government
Conclusion: How did the West set the tone for the Gilded Age?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 18
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 18
How did the railroads stimulate big business?
Railroads: America’s First Big Business
Andrew Carnegie, Steel, and Vertical Integration
John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil, and the Trust
New Inventions: The Telephone and the Telegraph
Why did the ideas of social Darwinism appeal to many Americans in the late nineteenth century?
J. P. Morgan and Finance Capitalism
Social Darwinism, Laisse
What factors influenced political life in the late nineteenth century?
Political Participation and Party Loyalty
Sectionalism and the New South
Gender, Race, and Politics
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Ida B. Wells and Her Campaign to Stop Lynching
Women’s Activism
What issues shaped party politics in the late nineteenth century?
Corruption and Party Strife
Garfield’s Assassination and Civil Service Reform
Reform and Scandal: The Campaign of 1884
What role did economic issues play in party realignment?
The Tariff and the Politics of Protection
Railroads, Trusts, and the Federal Government
The Fight for Free Silver
Panic and Depression
Conclusion: Why did business dominate the Gilded Age?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 19
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 19
Why did American cities experience explosive growth in the late nineteenth century?
The Urban Explosion: A Global Migration
Racism and the Cry for Immigration Restriction
The Social Geography of the City
What kinds of work did people do in industrial America?
America’s Diverse Workers
The Family Economy: Women and Children
Whit
Why did the fortunes of the Knights of Labor rise in the late 1870s and decline in the 1890s?
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Songs of the Knights of Labor
Haymarket and the Specter of Labor Radicalism
How did urban industrialism shape home life and the world of leisure?
Domesticity and “Domestics”
Cheap Amusements
How did municipal governments respond to the challenges of urban expansion?
Building Cities of Stone and Steel
City Government and the “Bosses”
White City or City of Sin?
Conclusion: Who built the cities?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 20
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 20
Why did American farmers organize alliances in the late nineteenth century?
The Farmers’ Alliance
The Populist Movement
What led to the labor wars of the 1890s?
The Homestead Lockout
The Cripple Creek Miners’ Strike of 1894
Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Press and the Pullman Strike: Framing Class Conflict
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Press and the Pullman Strike: Framing Class Conflict
How were women involved in lat
Frances Willard and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Movement for Woman Suffrage
How did economic problems affect American politics in the 1890s?
Coxey’s Army
The People’s Party and the Election of 1896
Why did the United States largely abandon its isolationist foreign policy in the 1890s?
Markets and Missionaries
The Monroe Doctrine and the Open Door Policy
“A Splendid Little War”
The Debate over American Imperialism
Conclusion: What was the connection between domestic strife and foreign policy?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 21
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 21
How did grassroots progressives attack the problems of industrial America?
Civilizing the City
Progressives and the Working Class
What were the key tenets of progressive theory?
Reform Darwinism and Social Engineering
Progressive Government: City and State
How did Theodore Roosevelt advance the progressive agenda?
The Square Deal
Roosevelt the Reformer
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Flash and the Birth of Photojournalism
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Birth of Photojournalism
Roosevelt and Conservation
The Big Stick
The Troubled Presidency of William Howard Taft
How did progressivism evolve during Woodrow Wilson’s first term?
Progressive Insurgency and the Election of 1912
Wilson’s Reforms: Tariff, Banking, and the Trusts
Wilson, Reluctant Progressive
What were the limits of progressive reform?
Radical Alternatives
Progressivism for White Men Only
Conclusion: How did the liberal state transform itself during the Progressive Era?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 22
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 22
What was Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy agenda?
Taming the Americas
The European Crisis
The Ordeal of American Neutrality
The United States Enters the War
What role did the United States play in World War I?
The Call to Arms
The War in France
What impact did the war have on the home front?
The Progressive Stake in the War
Women, War, and the Battle for Suffrage
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Final Push for Woman Suffrage
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Final Push for Woman Suffrage
Rally around the Flag—or Else
What part did Woodrow Wilson play at the Paris peace conference?
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
The Paris Peace Conference
The Fight for the Treaty
Why was America’s transition from war to peace so turbulent?
Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval
The Red Scare
The Great Migrations of African Americans and Mexicans
Postwar Politics and the Election of 1920
Conclusion: What was the domestic cost of foreign victory?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 23
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 23
How did big business shape the “New Era” of the 1920s?
A Business Government
Promoting Prosperity and Peace Abroad
Automobiles, Mass Production, and Assembl
Consumer Culture
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Advertising in a Consumer Age
In what ways did the Roaring Twenties challenge traditional values?
Prohibition
The New Woman
The New Negro
Entertainment for the Masses
The Lost Generation
Why did the relationship between urban and rural America deteriorate in the 1920s?
Rejecting the Undesirables
The Rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan
The Scopes Trial
Al Smith and the Election of 1928
How did President Hoover respond to the economic crash of 1929?
Herbert Hoover: The Great Engineer
The Distorted Economy
The Crash of 1929
Hoover and the Limits of Individualism
What was life like in the early years of the depression?
The Human Toll
Denial and Escape
Workin
Conclusion: Why did the hope of the 1920s turn to despair?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 24
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 24
How did Franklin D. Roosevelt win the 1932 election?
The Making of a Politician
The Election of 1932
What were the goals and achievements of the first New Deal?
The New Dealers
Banking and Finance Reform
Relief and Conservation Programs
Agricultural Initiatives
Industrial Recovery
Who opposed the New Deal, and why?
Resistance to Business Reform
Casualties in the Countryside
Politics on the Fringes
How did the second phase of the New Deal differ from the first?
Relief for the Unemployed
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Americans Encounter the New Deal
Empowering Labor
Social Security and Tax Reform
Neglected Americans and the New Deal
What major political trends changed during the late 1930s?
The Election of 1936
Court Packing
Reaction and Recession
The Last of the New Deal Reforms
Conclusion: What were the achievements and limitations of the New Deal?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 25
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 25
How did the United States respond to international developments in the 1930s?
Roosevelt and Reluctant Isolation
The Good Neighbor Policy
The Price of Noninvolvement
How did the outbreak of war affect U.S. foreign policy?
Nazi Aggression and War in Europe
From Neutrality to the Arsenal of Democracy
Japan Attacks America
How did the United States mobilize for war?
Hom
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Japanese Internment
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Japanese Internment
Building a Citizen Army
Conversion to a War Economy
How did the Allies turn the tide in Europe and the Pacific?
Turning the Tide in the Pacific
The Campaign in Europe
How did the war change life on the American home front?
Women and Families, Guns and Butter
The Double V Campaign
Wartime Politics and the 1944 Election
Reaction to the Holocaust
How did the Allies finally win the war?
From Bombing Raids to Berlin
The Defeat of Japan
Atomic Warfare
Conclusion: Why did the United States emerge as a superpower at the end of the war?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 26
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 26
What factors contributed to the Cold War?
The Cold War Begins
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Emerging Cold War
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Emerging Cold War
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Building a National Security State
Superpower Rivalry around the Globe
Why did Truman have limited success in implementing his domestic agenda?
Reconverting to a Peacetime Economy
Blacks and Mexican Americans Push for Their Civil Rights
The Fair Deal Flounders
The Domestic Chill: McCarthyism
How did U.S. Cold War policy lead to the Korean War?
Korea and the Military Implementation of Containment
From Containment to Rollback to Containment
Korea, Communism, and the 1952 Election
An Armistice and the War’s Costs
Conclusion: What were the costs and consequences of the Cold War?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 27
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 27
What was Eisenhower’s “middle way” on domestic issues?
Modern Republicanism
Termination and Relocation of Native Americans
The 1956 Election and the Second Term
How did Eisenhower’s foreign policy differ from Truman’s?
The “New Look” in Foreign Policy
Applying Containment to Vietnam
Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East
The Nuclear Arms Race
What fueled the prosperity of the 1950s?
Technology Transforms Agriculture and Industry
Burgeoning Suburbs and Declining Cities
The Rise of the Sun Belt
The Democratization of Higher Education
How did prosperity affect American society and culture?
Consumption Rules the Day
The Revival of Domesticity and Religion
Television Transforms Culture and Politics
Countercurrents
How did African Americans fight for civil rights in the 1950s?
African Americans Challenge the Supreme Court and the President
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Brown Decision
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: The Brown Decision
Montgomery and Mass Protest
Conclusion: What unmet challenges did peace and prosperity mask?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 28
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 28
What liberal reforms were advanced during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations?
The Unrealized Promise of Kennedy’s New Frontier
Johnson Fulfills the Kennedy Promise
Policymaking for a Great Society
Assessing the Great Society
The Judicial Revolution
How did the civil rights movement evolve in the 1960s?
The Flowering of the Black Freedom Struggle
The Response in Washington
Black Power and Urban Rebellions
What other rights movements emerged in the 1960s?
Native American Protest
Latino Struggles for Justice
Student Rebellion, the New Left, and the Counterculture
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Student Protest
Gay Men and Lesbians Organize
What were the goals of the new wave of feminism?
A Multifaceted Movement Emerges
Feminist Gains Spark a Countermovement
How did liberalism fare under President Nixon?
Extending the Welfare State and Regulating the Economy
Responding to Environmental Concerns
Expanding Social Justice
Conclusion: What were the achievements and limitations of liberalism?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 29
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 29
How did U.S. foreign policy change under Kennedy?
Meeting the “Hour of Maximum Danger”
New Approaches to the Third World
The Arms Race and the Nuclear Brink
A Growing War in Vietnam
Why did Johnson escalate American involvement in Vietnam?
An Al
Preventing Another Castro in Latin America
The Americanized War
Those Who Served
How did the war in Vietnam polarize the nation?
The Widening War at Home
The Tet Offensive and Johnson’s Move toward Peace
The Tumultuous Election of 1968
How did U.S. foreign policy change under Nixon?
Moving toward Détente with the Soviet Union and China
Shoring Up U.S. Interests around the World
Vietnam Becomes Nixon’s War
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Ending the War in Vietnam
The Peace Accords
The Legacy of Defeat
Conclusion: Was Vietnam an unwinnable war?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 30
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 30
How did the Nixon presidency reflect the rise of postwar conservatism?
Emergence of a Grassroots Movement
Nixon Courts the Right
The Election of 1972
Watergate
The Ford Presidency and the 1976 Election
Why did the “outsider” presidency of Jimmy Carter fail to gain broad support?
Retreat from Liberalism
Energy and Environmental Reform
Promoting Human Rights Abroad
The Cold War Intensifies
What conservative goals were realized in the Reagan administration?
Appealing to the New Right and Beyond
Unleashing Free Enterprise
Winners and Losers in a Flourishing Economy
What strategies did liberals use to fight the conservative turn?
Battles in the Courts and Congress
Feminism on the Defensive
The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Protecting Gay and Lesbian Rights
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Protecting Gay and Lesbian Rights
How did Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy affect the Cold War?
Militarization and Interventions Abroad
The Ira
A Thaw in Sovie
Conclusion: What was the lon
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Introduction to Chapter 31
Guided Reading Exercise for Chapter 31
How did the United States respond to the end of the Cold War and tensions in the Middle East?
Gridlock in Government
The Cold War Ends
Going to War in Central America and the Persian Gulf
The 1992 Election
How did President Clinton seek a middle ground in American politics?
Clinton’s Reforms
Accommodating the Right
Impeaching the President
The Booming Economy of the 1990s
How did President Clinton respond to the challenges of globalization?
Defining America’s Place in a New World Order
Debates over Globalization
The Internationalization of the United States
How did President George W. Bush change American politics and foreign policy?
The Disputed Election of 2000
The Domestic Policies of a “Compassionate Conservative”
The Globalization of Terrorism
Unilateralism, Preemption, and the Iraq War
What obstacles stood in the way of President Obama’s reform agenda?
Governing during Economic Crisis and Political Polarization
ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Caricaturing the Candidates: Clinton and Obama in 2008
Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Caricaturing the Candidates: Clinton and Obama in 2008
Redefining the War on Terror
Conclusion: How have Americans debated the role of the government?
STEP 1: EXPLAIN WHY IT MATTERS
STEP 2: MOVE BEYOND THE BASICS
STEP 3: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
STEP 4: EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
STEP 5: CONNECT TO THE PRESENT
Copyright Page
PREFACE: Why This Book This Way?
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION WITH ANNOTATIONS (including the six unratified amendments)
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
SUPREME COURT JUSTICES
POPULATION GROWTH, 1630–2010
Major Trends in Immigration, 1820–2010
Glossary
U.S. Political/Geographic and World Maps