Introduction to Chapter 12
12
THE NEW WEST AND THE FREE NORTH
1840–1860 [[LP PHOTO: P12.01 DETAIL OF MINERS/
> How was freedom defined in the North and West in the mid-nineteenth century? Chapter 12 focuses on how the concept of freedom helped shape economics, politics, and social reform. It explores the factors that propelled American economic growth, territorial expansion, political debate, and social reform. It also examines the growing tensions between the ideology of free labor and slavery.
> What factors contributed to the United States’ “industrial evolution”?
> How did the free-labor ideal account for economic inequality?
> What factors spurred westward expansion?
> Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?
> How did reform movements change after 1840?
> Conclusion: How was white freedom in the West and North defined?
Understanding the American Promise 3ePrinted Page 312