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Quiz for Analyzing Historical Evidence: Justifying Conquest

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Analyzing Historical Evidence: Justifying Conquest

Choose the best answer to each question.

Question

1. Which of the following restates the main argument of the excerpt from Montecino’s 1511 sermon?

Spanish colonizers in the New World committed hypocritical and sinful acts against Native American people.

Native American people who mistreated Spanish Christians were greedy and would be damned to hell.

Native American Christianity looked different from that of the Spanish, but it was equally legitimate.

Spaniards needed to work harder to put Christianity into practice and to convert the native people in the Americas.

Correct. The answer is A. In this sermon, Montecito is condemning Spanish colonizers for betraying the ideals of Christianity in their approaches to and treatment of the Native American people they conquered. He suggests that the native people are equals to the Spanish, and that the Spaniards’ acts will damn them to hell.

Incorrect. The correct answer is A. In this sermon, Montecito is condemning Spanish colonizers for betraying the ideals of Christianity in their approaches to and treatment of the Native American people they conquered. He suggests that the native people are equals to the Spanish, and that the Spaniards’ acts will damn them to hell.

Question

2. Which of the following assumptions is at the root of Montecito’s 1511 sermon?

Christian identity is more important than Christian behavior.

Spaniards are inherently superior to Native American people.

Christian behavior takes precedence over financial gain.

Native Americans are naturally superior to the Spaniards.

Correct. The answer is C. In his sermon, Montecito assumes that it is more important for the Spaniards to follow the precepts of Christianity than it is to pursue the riches of the New World. He suggests that the native people are God’s people, despite their non-Christian beliefs. At the same time he points out that, while the Spaniards are Christians in name, they are violating God’s laws in order to acquire wealth.

Incorrect. The correct answer is C. In his sermon, Montecito assumes that it is more important for the Spaniards to follow the precepts of Christianity than it is to pursue the riches of the New World. He suggests that the native people are God’s people, despite their non-Christian beliefs. At the same time he points out that, while the Spaniards are Christians in name, they are violating God’s laws in order to acquire wealth.

Question

3. What does the Requerimiento use to justify Spain’s right to conquer and rule over the people of the New World?

Economics

Politics

Culture

Religion

Correct. The answer is D. The Requerimiento relies on religious arguments to justify Spain’s right to conquer and rule over the people of the New World. It explains that God created the world and empowered St. Peter and the popes who would follow him. The popes gave the land to Spain and instructed that its monarchs ensure that their followers become Christians. This, the document suggests, justifies the Spanish conquest.

Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The Requerimiento relies on religious arguments to justify Spain’s right to conquer and rule over the people of the New World. It explains that God created the world and empowered St. Peter and the popes who would follow him. The popes gave the land to Spain and instructed that its monarchs ensure that their followers become Christians. This, the document suggests, justifies the Spanish conquest.

Question

4. In which of the following statements does the Requerimiento specifically counter the accusations made against the Spaniards in Montecito’s 1511 sermon?

“God our lord gave charge to one man called St. Peter, that he should be lord and superior to all the men in the world.”

“[W]e ask and require . . . that you acknowledge the Church as the ruler and superior of the whole world . . . and that you consent and permit that these religious fathers declare and preach to you.”

“So also they have regarded the others who after him have been elected to the pontificate, and so has it been continued even till now, and will continue till the end of the world.”

“One of the pontiffs who succeeded that St. Peter as lord of the world . . . made donation of these islands and mainland to the aforesaid king and queen [of Spain] and their successors.”

Correct. The answer is B. In this section of the document, the Spaniards explicitly argue that it is the Native Americans’ duty to acknowledge the Church as the ruler of the world and that they must give in to their Spanish conquerors’ efforts to convert them to Christianity. It suggests that only the pope leads the world, and that the pope donated the lands to Spain, but that conversion is the price Native Americans must pay to deserve humane treatment.

Incorrect. The correct answer is B. In this section of the document, the Spaniards explicitly argue that it is the Native Americans’ duty to acknowledge the Church as the ruler of the world and that they must give in to their Spanish conquerors’ efforts to convert them to Christianity. It suggests that only the pope leads the world, and that the pope donated the lands to Spain, but that conversion is the price Native Americans must pay to deserve humane treatment.

Question

5. In his sermon, Montecito blames the Spaniards for the Native Americans’ suffering. With whom does the Requerimiento place the blame?

The pope

Spain’s monarchs

Spanish priests

The native people

Correct. The answer is D. The Requerimiento explains that if the Native Americans refuse to obey and honor their Spanish conquerors by converting to Christianity, then they are responsible for the Spaniards’ decision to kill them.

Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The Requerimiento explains that if the Native Americans refuse to obey and honor their Spanish conquerors by converting to Christianity, then they are responsible for the Spaniards’ decision to kill them.

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