Chapter 1. Understanding Motivation

Short Description

This video explores variety of theories related to motivation. There are many definitions of motivation, such as the interaction between energy and direction or performance on a given task. There are different purposes for motivation, including survival and basic physiological needs and more complex needs, like intimacy. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs addressed the idea that humans must fulfill basic physiological needs before they can attend to more complex psychological needs, like love and friendship.

Long Description

Growth needs are at the peak and are related to self-actualization. Some theories question the oversimplified nature of Maslow’s theory and propose other theories in response. For instance, the drive reduction theory focuses on equilibrium such that a given drive creates an aroused tension in an individual and motivates them to satisfy that drive, in order to return to equilibrium or balanced state. The drive reduction theory suggests that motivation can be shaped by environmental influences, but it does not explicitly identify the idea of curiosity and sensation seeking. The fantasy realization theory focuses on mental contrasting and has an individual imagine their desired future and face obstacles in their way to the given goal. Set points, or optimum levels of physiological arousal, are different for every individual. The difference between arousal and performance can change depending on the task, and with more complex tasks, too much arousal could impede performance on a task. It is important to remember that motivation can wax and wane depending on the task and environmental and intrapersonal factors.

Questions