Notes.

Notes.Notes can be footnotes (each one appearing at the bottom of the page on which its citation appears) or endnotes (in a list on a separate page at the end of the text). (Check your instructor’s preference.) Indent the first line of each note one-half inch and begin with a number, a period, and one space before the first word. All remaining lines of the entry are flush with the left margin. Single-space footnotes and endnotes, with a double space between each entry.

Use superscript numbers (1) to mark citations in the text. Place the superscript number for each note just after the relevant quotation, sentence, clause, or phrase. Type the number after any punctuation mark except the dash; do not leave a space before the superscript. Number citations sequentially throughout the text. When you use signal phrases to introduce source material, note that Chicago style requires you to use the present tense (citing Bebout’s studies, Meier points out…).

IN THE TEXT

Sweig argues that Castro and Che Guevara were not the only key players in the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s.19

IN THE FIRST NOTE REFERRING TO THE SOURCE

19. Julia Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 9.

After giving complete information the first time you cite a work, shorten additional references to that work: list only the author’s last name, a comma, a short version of the title, a comma, and the page number. If you refer to the same source cited in the previous note, you can use the Latin abbreviation Ibid. (“in the same place”) instead of the name and title.

IN FIRST AND SUBSEQUENT NOTES

19. Julia Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 9.

20. Ibid., 13.

21. Ferguson, “Comfort of Being Sad,” 63.

22. Sweig, Cuban Revolution, 21.