EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–1Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers
Read the following passage and the information about its source. Then decide whether each student sample uses the source correctly. If the student has made an error in using the source, click on Error; if the student sample is correct, click on OK.
As the country gradually urbanized in the nineteenth century, land prices in cities rose faster than wages. More and more city dwellers had to rent rooms in buildings owned by others. Many lived in boardinghouses—in central Boston, nearly 8 percent of the population were boarders in 1860, and 14 percent were boarders by 1900. In New York that figure seemed higher. “Two-thirds of New York board,” the columnist Louise Furniss joked, “and three-thirds take boarders!” Whatever the precise number, the boardinghouse (along with its cousin the lodging house, which provided rooms but not meals) was a major urban institution in nineteenth-century America. Meanwhile many affluent urbanites lived more or less permanently in hotels, often for convenience rather than out of strict economic necessity.
Working-class families, unable to afford houses of their own, sometimes rented rooms in shared houses originally built for a single family. By the middle of the century, it was a common observation that housing trickled down the social scale over time, as ever-increasing numbers of tenants occupied structures that had not been designed for them. “The wealthy merchant builds himself a palace to-day which will be inhabited by the son of his porter tomorrow; or at best be used as a boarding-house by the widow of his clerk,” one New Yorker remarked in the 1850s. “There are now remaining in New-York but two of the fine old mansions which were built before the Revolution, and one of them is occupied as an emigrant boarding-house, and the other as a restaurant.” As a result, another observed, “the majority of New York households are living like hermit crabs in other creatures’ shells.”
From Banner, Stuart. American Property: A History of How, Why, and What We Own. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
[The source passage is from pages 163-64.]
Excerpt from American Property: A History of How, Why, and What We Own. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. Reprinted by permission.
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 1 of 10: According to Stuart Banner, the reason that so many city dwellers started renting is that wages did not keep up with increases in land prices.
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 2 of 10: Banner points out that the number of boarders in Boston rose dramatically in less than four decades: “nearly 8 percent of the population were boarders in 1860, and 14 percent were boarders by 1900.”2
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 3 of 10: Banner jokingly notes that “two-thirds of New York board and three-thirds take boarders!”3
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 4 of 10: According to Banner:Working-class families, unable to afford houses of their own, sometimes rented rooms in shared houses originally built for a single family. By the middle of the century, it was a common observation that housing trickled down the social scale over time, as ever-increasing numbers of tenants occupied structures that had not been designed for them.4
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 5 of 10: While most boarders rented because they could not afford to purchase land, “many affluent urbanites lived more or less permanently in hotels, often for convenience rather than out of strict economic necessity.”5
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 6 of 10: Banner explains that people who lived in cities like New York increasingly resided in buildings that had been meant for other purposes, such as a single-family home converted into a boardinghouse.6
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 7 of 10: According to Stuart Banner, “housing trickled down over time.”7
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 8 of 10: Banner explains the dramatic changes in the way city people lived in the mid-nineteenth century:It was a common observation that housing trickled down the social scale over time, as ever-increasing numbers of tenants occupied structures that had not been designed for them. “The wealthy merchant builds himself a palace to-day which will . . . at best be used as a boarding-house by the widow of his clerk,” one New Yorker remarked in the 1850s.8
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 9 of 10: Banner contrasts “affluent urbanites” who could live in hotels merely “for convenience rather than out of strict economic necessity” with working-class families who resorted to renting rooms because they were “unable to afford houses of their own.”9
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EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago (CMS) papers - 10 of 10: Because of disparities between land prices and working-class wages, housing stock in mid-nineteenth-century cities underwent dramatic changes, with buildings intended for single families being repurposed as boardinghouses for several families.10