Welcome
INDEX
C: Composing and Revising
Composing and revising
C1-a: Assessing the writing situation
C1-b: Exploring your subject
C1-c: Drafting and revising a working thesis statement
C1-d: Drafting a plan
As you write (writing activities)
Thinking like a college writer
Exploring a subject
Revising a thesis
Exercises
EXERCISE C1–1 Subjects and topics
EXERCISE C1–2 Purpose and audience
EXERCISE C1–3 Purpose and audience
EXERCISE C1–4 Thesis statements
EXERCISE C1–5 Thesis statements
EXERCISE C1–6 Thesis statements
EXERCISE C1–7 Introductions
C2: Drafting
C2-a: Drafting an introduction
C2-b: Drafting the body
C2-c: Drafting a conclusion
C2-d: Managing your files
As you write (writing activities)
Revising an introduction
Revising a conclusion
Managing your files
C3: Reviewing, revising, and editing
C3-a: Developing strategies for revising with comments
C3-b: Approaching global revision in cycles
C3-c: Revising and editing sentences
C3-d: Proofreading the final manuscript
C3-e: Student writing: Literacy narrative
Sample student writing: Literacy narrative
Writing guide: Literacy narrative
As you write (writing activities)
Using reviewers’ comments
Being a peer reviewer
Proofreading your work
Learning from other writers
Exercises
EXERCISE C3–1 Conducting a peer review
EXERCISE C3–2 Choosing an appropriate point of view
C4: Preparing a portfolio; reflecting on your writing
C4-a: Understanding the benefits of reflection
C4-b: Student writing: Reflective letter for a portfolio
Writing guide: Reflective letter
C5: Writing paragraphs
C5-a: Focusing on a main point
C5-b: Developing the main point
C5-c: Choosing a suitable pattern of organization
C5-d: Making paragraphs coherent
C5-e: Adjusting paragraph length
As you write (writing activities)
Creating unity
Using transitions
Exercises
EXERCISE C5–1 Topic sentences
EXERCISE C5–2 Topic sentences
EXERCISE C5–3 Transitions
C6: Document design: A gallery of models
MLA essay format
MLA works cited page
APA title page
APA abstract
APA essay format
APA list of references
Business report with a visual
Business letter
Résumé
Professional memo
E-mail message
A: Academic Reading, Writing, and Speaking
Academic reading, writing, and speaking
A1: Reading and writing critically
A1-a: Reading actively (written texts)
A1-b: Outlining a text to identify main ideas (written texts)
A1-c: Summarizing to deepen your understanding (written texts)
A1-d: Analyzing to demonstrate your critical thinking (written texts)
A1-e: Student writing: Analysis of an article
Writing guide: Analytical essay
As you write (writing activities)
Reading actively
Drafting and revising an analytical thesis
Analyzing a text
Developing an analysis
A2: Reading and writing about images and multimodal texts
A2-a: Reading actively (multimodal texts)
A2-b: Outlining to identify main ideas (multimodal texts)
A2-c: Summarizing to deepen your understanding (multimodal texts)
A2-d: Analyzing to demonstrate your critical reading (multimodal texts)
As you write (writing activities)
Reading visual texts actively
Analyzing an image or a multimodal text
Learning from other writers
Sample student writing and projects
Yoshida, “Sometimes a Cup of Coffee Is Just a Cup of Coffee” (analysis of an advertisement)
D'Amato, “Loose Leaf Teas” (Web site), and Williamson, “To the Children of America” (video essay)
A3: Reading arguments
A3-a: Distinguishing between reasonable and fallacious argumentative tactics
A3-b: Distinguishing between legitimate and unfair emotional appeals
A3-c: Judging how fairly a writer handles opposing views
As you write (writing activities)
Evaluating ads for logic and fairness
Identifying appeals
Evaluating an argument
Exercises
EXERCISE A3–1 Logical fallacies
EXERCISE A3–2 Evaluating arguments
A4: Writing arguments
A4-a: Identifying your purpose and context
A4-b: Viewing your audience as a panel of jurors
A4-c: Establishing your credibility and stating your position
A4-d: Backing up your thesis with persuasive lines of argument
A4-e: Supporting your claims with specific evidence
A4-f: Anticipating objections; countering opposing arguments
A4-g: Building common ground
A4-h: Student writing: Argument essay
Writing guide: Argument essay
As you write (writing activities)
Joining a conversation
Appealing to your readers
Drafting your central claim and supporting claims
Practicing counterargument
A5: Speaking confidently
A5-a: Identifying your purpose, audience, and context
A5-b: Preparing a presentation
A5-c: Focusing on delivery
A5-d: Remixing an essay for a presentation
As you write (writing activities)
Preparing a presentation
Focusing on your delivery
Learning from another speaker
Remixing an essay for an oral presentation
A6: Writing in the disciplines
A6-a: Finding commonalities across disciplines
A6-b: Recognizing the questions writers in a discipline ask
A6-c: Understanding the kinds of evidence writers in a discipline use
A6-d: Becoming familiar with a discipline's language conventions
A6-e: Using a discipline's preferred citation style
A6-f: Understanding the features of writing assignments in the disciplines
As you write (writing activities)
Examining the writing in a particular field
Examining a writing assignment from one of your courses
S: Sentence Style
S1: Parallelism
S1-a: With items in a series
S1-b: With paired ideas
S1-c: Repeated words
Exercises
EXERCISE S1–1 Parallelism
EXERCISE S1–2 Parallelism
EXERCISE S1–3 Identifying parallel structure
EXERCISE S1–4 Parallelism
EXERCISE S1–5 Parallelism
EXERCISE S1–6 Correcting faulty parallelism
S2: Needed words
S2-a: In compound structures
S2-b: that
S2-c: In comparisons
S2-d: a, an, and the
Exercises
EXERCISE S2–1 Needed words
EXERCISE S2–2 Needed words
EXERCISE S2–3 Needed words
EXERCISE S2–4 Needed words
EXERCISE S2–5 Needed words
S3: Problems with modifiers
S3-a: Limiting modifiers such as only, even
S3-b: Misplaced phrases and clauses
S3-c: Awkwardly placed modifiers
S3-d: Split infinitives
S3-e: Dangling modifiers
Exercises
EXERCISE S3–1 Awkward and misplaced modifiers
EXERCISE S3–2 Awkward and misplaced modifiers
EXERCISE S3–3 Misplaced modifiers
EXERCISE S3–4 Misplaced modifiers
EXERCISE S3–5 Misplaced modifiers
EXERCISE S3–6 Dangling modifiers
EXERCISE S3–7 Dangling modifiers
EXERCISE S3–8 Dangling modifiers
EXERCISE S3–9 Dangling modifiers
EXERCISE S3–10 Dangling modifiers
S4: Shifts
S4-a: Point of view (person, number)
S4-b: Verb tense
S4-c: Verb mood, voice
S4-d: Indirect to direct questions or quotations
Exercises
EXERCISE S4–1 Shifts: person and number
EXERCISE S4–2 Shifts: person and number
EXERCISE S4–3 Shifts: tense
EXERCISE S4–4 Shifts: tense
EXERCISE S4–5 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations
EXERCISE S4–6 Editing for shifts
EXERCISE S4–7 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations
EXERCISE S4–8 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations
EXERCISE S4–9 All shifts
EXERCISE S4–10 Editing for shifts
EXERCISE S4–11 All shifts
S5: Mixed constructions
S5-a: Mixed grammar
S5-b: Illogical connections
S5-c: is when, is where, reason . . . is because
Exercises
EXERCISE S5–1 Mixed constructions
EXERCISE S5–2 Mixed constructions
EXERCISE S5–3 Mixed constructions
EXERCISE S5–4 Mixed constructions
EXERCISE S5–5 Mixed constructions
S6: Sentence emphasis
S6-a: Coordination and subordination
S6-b: Choppy sentences
S6-c: Ineffective coordination
S6-d: Ineffective subordination
S6-e: Excessive subordination
S6-f: Special techniques
Exercises
EXERCISE S6–1 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–2 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–3 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–4 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–5 Identifying sentence emphasis
EXERCISE S6–6 Combining choppy sentences
EXERCISE S6–7 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–8 Using subordination
EXERCISE S6–9 Using subordination
EXERCISE S6–10 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–11 Using coordination and subordination
EXERCISE S6–12 Using coordination and subordination
S7: Sentence variety
S7-a: Sentence openings
S7-b: Sentence structures
S7-c: Inverted order
S7-d: Question or quotation
Exercises
EXERCISE S7–1 Sentence variety
EXERCISE S7–2 Sentence variety
EXERCISE S7–3 Sentence variety
W: Word Choice
W1: Glossary of usage
W2: Wordy sentences
W2-a: Redundancies
W2-b: Unnecessary repetition
W2-c: Empty or inflated phrases
W2-d: Simplified structure
W2-e: Reducing clauses to phrases, phrases to single words
Exercises
EXERCISE W2–1 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–2 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–3 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–4 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–5 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–6 Wordy sentences
EXERCISE W2–7 Wordy sentences
W3: Active verbs
W3-a: Active versus passive verbs
W3-b: Active versus be verbs
W3-c: Actor named in the sentence
Exercises
EXERCISE W3–1 Active and passive voice
EXERCISE W3–2 Active and passive voice
EXERCISE W3–3 Identifying active and passive voice
EXERCISE W3–4 Active vs. passive voice
EXERCISE W3–5 Active vs. be verbs
EXERCISE W3–6 Active verbs
W4: Appropriate language
W4-a: Jargon
W4-b: Pretentious language, euphemisms, “doublespeak”
W4-c: Obsolete or invented words
W4-d: Slang, regional expressions, nonstandard English
W4-e: Levels of formality
W4-f: Sexist language
W4-g: Offensive language
Exercises
EXERCISE W4–1 Jargon, pretentious language, euphemism
EXERCISE W4–2 Jargon
EXERCISE W4–3 Jargon
EXERCISE W4–4 Formality
EXERCISE W4–5 Sexist language
EXERCISE W4–6 Sexist language
EXERCISE W4–7 Sexist language
EXERCISE W4–8 Sexist language
EXERCISE W4–9 Sexist language
W5: Exact language
W5-a: Connotations
W5-b: Concrete nouns
W5-c: Misused words
W5-d: Standard idioms
W5-e: Clichés
W5-f: Figures of speech
Exercises
EXERCISE W5–1 Synonyms
EXERCISE W5–2 Misused words
EXERCISE W5–3 Misused words
EXERCISE W5–4 Misused words
EXERCISE W5–5 Idioms
EXERCISE W5–6 Standard idioms
EXERCISE W5–7 Standard idioms
EXERCISE W5–8 Clichés and figures of speech
EXERCISE W5–9 Clichés and figures of speech
EXERCISE W5–10 Clichés and figures of speech
W6-a: The dictionary
W6-b: The thesaurus
G: Grammatical Sentences
G1: Subject-verb agreement
G1-a: Standard subject-verb combinations
G1-b: Words between subject and verb
G1-c: Subjects with and
G1-d: Subjects with or, nor, either . . . or, or neither . . . nor
G1-e: Indefinite pronouns such as someone, each
G1-f: Collective nouns such as jury, class
G1-g: Subject after verb
G1-h: Subject complement
G1-i: who, which, that
G1-j: Plural form, singular meaning
G1-k: Titles, company names, words as words, gerund phrases
Exercises
EXERCISE G1–1 Subject–verb agreement
EXERCISE G1–2 Subject–verb agreement
EXERCISE G1–3 Subject-verb agreement
EXERCISE G1–4 Subject-verb agreement
EXERCISE G1–5 Subject-verb agreement
EXERCISE G1–6 Subject-verb agreement
G2: Verb forms, tenses, and moods
G2-a: Irregular verbs
G2-b: lie and lay
G2-c: -s (or -es) endings
G2-d: -ed endings
G2-e: Omitted verbs
G2-f: Verb tense
G2-g: Subjunctive mood
Exercises
EXERCISE G2–1 Irregular verbs
EXERCISE G2–2 Irregular verbs
EXERCISE G2–3 Irregular verbs
EXERCISE G2–4 Irregular verbs
EXERCISE G2–5 Standard English verb forms
EXERCISE G2–6 Standard English verb forms
EXERCISE G2–7 Standard English verb forms
EXERCISE G2–8 Standard English verb forms
EXERCISE G2–9 Verb tense and mood
EXERCISE G2–10 Verb tense and mood
EXERCISE G2–11 Verb tense and mood
EXERCISE G2–12 Verb tense and mood
G3: Pronouns
G3-a: Pronoun-antecedent agreement
G3-b: Pronoun reference
G3-c: Pronoun case (I vs. me etc.)
G3-d: who and whom
Exercises
EXERCISE G3–1 Pronoun–antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–2 Pronoun–antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–3 Pronoun-antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–4 Pronoun-antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–5 Pronoun-antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–6 Pronoun-antecedent agreement
EXERCISE G3–7 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–8 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–9 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–10 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–11 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–12 Pronoun reference
EXERCISE G3–13 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)
EXERCISE G3–14 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)
EXERCISE G3–15 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)
EXERCISE G3–16 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)
EXERCISE G3–17 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)
EXERCISE G3–18 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)
EXERCISE G3–19 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)
EXERCISE G3–20 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)
EXERCISE G3–21 Pronoun case: review
EXERCISE G3–22 Pronoun case: review
G4: Adjectives and adverbs
G4-a: Adjectives
G4-b: Adverbs
G4-c: good and well; bad and badly
G4-d: Comparatives and superlatives
G4-e: Double negatives
Exercises
EXERCISE G4–1 Adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE G4–2 Adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE G4–3 Adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE G4–4 Adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE G4–5 Adjectives and adverbs
G5: Sentence fragments
G5-a: Subordinate clauses
G5-b: Phrases
G5-c: Other word groups
G5-d: Acceptable fragments
Exercises
EXERCISE G5–1 Sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–2 Sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–3 Sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–4 Sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–5 Sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–6 Repairing sentence fragments
EXERCISE G5–7 Repairing sentence fragments
G6: Run-on sentences
G6-a: Revision with coordinating conjunction
G6-b: Revision with semicolon
G6-c: Revision by separating sentences
G6-d: Revision by restructuring
Exercises
EXERCISE G6–1 Run–on sentences
EXERCISE G6–2 Run–on sentences
EXERCISE G6–3 Run–on sentences
EXERCISE G6–4 Run-on sentences
EXERCISE G6–5 Run-on sentences
EXERCISE G6–6 Run-on sentences
EXERCISE G6–7 Run-on sentences
EXERCISE G6–8 Revising run-on sentences
EXERCISE G6–9 Revising run-on sentences
M: Multilingual Writers and ESL Challenges
Multilingual writers and ESL challenges
M1: Verbs
M1-a: Appropriate form and tense
M1-b: Passive voice
M1-c: Base form after a modal
M1-d: Negative verb forms
M1-e: Verbs in conditional sentences
M1-f: Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Exercises
EXERCISE M1–1 Verb forms and tenses
EXERCISE M1–2 Verb forms and tenses
EXERCISE M1–3 Verb forms and tenses
EXERCISE M1–4 Verb forms with modals
EXERCISE M1–5 Verb forms with modals
EXERCISE M1–6 Verb forms with modals
EXERCISE M1–7 Verbs in negative and conditional sentences
EXERCISE M1–8 Verbs in negative and conditional sentences
EXERCISE M1–9 Verbs in conditional sentences
EXERCISE M1–10 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
EXERCISE M1–11 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
EXERCISE M1–12 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
EXERCISE M1–13 Using verbs: review
M2: Articles
M2-a: Articles and other noun markers
M2-b: When to use the
M2-c: When to use a or an
M2-d: When not to use a or an
M2-e: No articles with general nouns
M2-f: Articles with proper nouns
Exercises
EXERCISE M2–1 Articles
EXERCISE M2–2 Articles
EXERCISE M2–3 Using articles
EXERCISE M2–4 Using articles
EXERCISE M2–5 Using articles
EXERCISE M2–6 Using articles
M3: Sentence structure
M3-a: Linking verb between a subject and its complement
M3-b: A subject in every sentence
M3-c: Repeated nouns or pronouns with the same grammatical function
M3-d: Repeated objects, adverbs in adjective clauses
M3-e: Mixed constructions with although or because
M3-f: Placement of adverbs
Exercises
EXERCISE M3–1 Omissions and repetitions
EXERCISE M3–2 Omissions and repetitions
EXERCISE M3–3 Omissions and repetitions
EXERCISE M3–4 Sentence structure
EXERCISE M3–5 Sentence structure
EXERCISE M3–6 Sentence structure
M4-a: Present participles and past participles
M4-b: Order of cumulative adjectives
Exercises
EXERCISE M4–1 Present vs. past participles
EXERCISE M4–2 Present vs. past participles
EXERCISE M4–3 Present vs. past participles
EXERCISE M4–4 Using cumulative adjectives
EXERCISE M4–5 Using cumulative adjectives
EXERCISE M4–6 Using cumulative adjectives
M5-a: Prepositions showing time and place
M5-b: Noun (including -ing form) after a preposition
M5-c: Common adjective + preposition combinations
M5-d: Common verb + preposition combinations
Exercises
EXERCISE M5–1 Prepositions showing time and place
EXERCISE M5–2 Prepositions showing time and place
EXERCISE M5–3 Prepositions showing time and place
M6: Paraphrasing sources effectively
M6-a: Avoiding replacing a source's words with synonyms
M6-b: Determining the meaning of the original source
M6-c: Presenting the author's meaning in your own words
P: Punctuation and Mechanics
P1: The comma
P1-a: Clauses with and, but, etc.
P1-b: Introductory elements
P1-c: Items in a series
P1-d: Coordinate adjectives
P1-e: Nonrestrictive elements
P1-f: Transitions, parenthetical expressions, etc.
P1-g: Direct address, yes/no, interrogative tags, interjections
P1-h: He said etc.
P1-i: Dates, addresses, titles, numbers
Exercises
EXERCISE P1–1 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements
EXERCISE P1–2 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements
EXERCISE P1–3 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements
EXERCISE P1–4 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements
EXERCISE P1–5 Commas with series and with adjectives
EXERCISE P1–6 Commas with series and with adjectives
EXERCISE P1–7 Commas with series and with adjectives
EXERCISE P1–8 Commas with series and with adjectives
EXERCISE P1–9 Commas with nonrestrictive elements
EXERCISE P1–10 Commas with nonrestrictive elements
EXERCISE P1–11 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–12 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–13 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–14 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–15 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–16 Major uses of the comma
EXERCISE P1–17 All uses of the comma
P2: Unnecessary commas
P2-a: Compound elements
P2-b: Between verb and subject or object
P2-c: Before or after a series
P2-d: Cumulative adjectives
P2-e: Restrictive elements
P2-f: Concluding clauses
P2-g: Inverted sentences
P2-h: Other misuses
Exercises
EXERCISE P2–1 Unnecessary commas
EXERCISE P2–2 Unnecessary commas
EXERCISE P2–3 Unnecessary commas
EXERCISE P2–4 Misuses of the comma
EXERCISE P2–5 Misuses of the comma
P3: The semicolon and the colon
P3-a: Semicolon with independent clause
P3-b: Semicolon with series
P3-c: Misuses of the semicolon
P3-d: Colon with list, appositive, quotation, summary
P3-e: Conventional uses of the colon
P3-f: Misuses of the colon
Exercises
EXERCISE P3–1 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–2 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–3 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–4 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–5 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–6 The semicolon and the comma
EXERCISE P3–7 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma
EXERCISE P3–8 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma
EXERCISE P3–9 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma
P4-a: Possessive nouns, indefinite pronouns
P4-b: Contractions
P4-c: Plurals of numbers, letters, etc.
P4-d: Misuses
Exercises
EXERCISE P4–1 The apostrophe
EXERCISE P4–2 The apostrophe
EXERCISE P4–3 The apostrophe
EXERCISE P4–4 The apostrophe
EXERCISE P4–5 The apostrophe
P5: Quotation marks
P5-a: Direct quotations
P5-b: Quotation within quotation
P5-c: Titles
P5-d: Words as words
P5-e: With other punctuation
P5-f: Misuses
Exercises
EXERCISE P5–1 Quotation marks
EXERCISE P5–2 Quotation marks
EXERCISE P5–3 Quotation marks
EXERCISE P5–4 Quotation marks
EXERCISE P5–5 Quotation marks
P6-a: End punctuation
P6-b: Dash, parentheses, brackets
P6-c: Ellipsis mark
P6-d: Slash
Exercises
EXERCISE P6–1 End punctuation
EXERCISE P6–2 End punctuation
EXERCISE P6–3 Other punctuation marks
EXERCISE P6–4 Other punctuation marks
EXERCISE P6–5 Other punctuation marks
P7: Spelling and hyphenation
P7-a: Spelling rules
P7-b: Words that sound alike
P7-c: Common misspellings
P7-d: Compound words
P7-e: Hyphenated adjectives
P7-f: Fractions and numbers
P7-g: Prefixes and suffixes
P7-h: To avoid ambiguity
P7-i: Word division
Exercises
EXERCISE P7–1 Spelling
EXERCISE P7–2 Spelling
EXERCISE P7–3 The hyphen
EXERCISE P7–4 The hyphen
EXERCISE P7–5 The hyphen
P8: Capitalization
P8-a: Proper versus common nouns
P8-b: Titles with names
P8-c: Titles of works
P8-d: First word of sentence
P8-e: First word of a quoted sentence
P8-f: After colon
Exercises
EXERCISE P8–1 Capitalization
EXERCISE P8–2 Capitalization
EXERCISE P8–3 Capitalization
P9-a: Titles with names
P9-b: Familiar abbreviations
P9-c: Conventional abbreviations
P9-d: Units of measurement
P9-e: Latin abbreviations
P9-f: Plural of abbreviations
P9-g: Inappropriate abbreviations
P9-h: Spelling out numbers
P9-i: Using numerals
Exercises
EXERCISE P9–1 Abbreviations
EXERCISE P9–2 Abbreviations
EXERCISE P9–3 Abbreviations
EXERCISE P9–4 Numbers
EXERCISE P9–5 Numbers
EXERCISE P9–6 Numbers
P10: Italics
P10-a: Titles of works
P10-b: Other terms
Exercises
EXERCISE P10–1 Italics
EXERCISE P10–2 Italics
EXERCISE P10–3 Italics
B: Basic Grammar
B1: Parts of speech
B1-a: Nouns
B1-b: Pronouns
B1-c: Verbs
B1-d: Adjectives
B1-e: Adverbs
B1-f: Prepositions
B1-g: Conjunctions
B1-h: Interjections
Exercises
EXERCISE B1–1 Parts of speech: nouns
EXERCISE B1–2 Identifying nouns
EXERCISE B1–3 Parts of speech: nouns
EXERCISE B1–4 Parts of speech: nouns
EXERCISE B1–5 Parts of speech: pronouns
EXERCISE B1–6 Identifying pronouns
EXERCISE B1–7 Parts of speech: pronouns
EXERCISE B1–8 Parts of speech: pronouns
EXERCISE B1–9 Parts of speech: verbs
EXERCISE B1–10 Identifying verbs
EXERCISE B1–11 Parts of speech: verbs
EXERCISE B1–12 Parts of speech: verbs
EXERCISE B1–13 Parts of speech: adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE B1–14 Identifying adjectives and adverbs
EXERCISE B1–15 Parts of speech: adjectives
EXERCISE B1–16 Parts of speech: adjectives
EXERCISE B1–17 Parts of speech: adverbs
EXERCISE B1–18 Parts of speech: adverbs
EXERCISE B1–19 All parts of speech
EXERCISE B1–20 All parts of speech
B2: Sentence patterns
B2-a: Subjects
B2-b: Verbs, objects, and complements
Exercises
EXERCISE B2–1 Subjects
EXERCISE B2–2 Identifying complete subjects
EXERCISE B2–3 Subjects
EXERCISE B2–4 Subjects
EXERCISE B2–5 Subject complements and direct objects
EXERCISE B2–6 Indirect objects and object complements
EXERCISE B2–7 Subject complements and direct objects
EXERCISE B2–8 Subject complements and direct objects
EXERCISE B2–9 Indirect objects and object complements
EXERCISE B2–10 Indirect objects and object complements
EXERCISE B2–11 All objects and complements
EXERCISE B2–12 Linking, transitive, and intransitive verbs
B3: Subordinate word groups
B3-a: Prepositional phrases
B3-b: Verbal phrases
B3-c: Appositive phrases
B3-d: Absolute phrases
B3-e: Subordinate clauses
Exercises
EXERCISE B3–1 Prepositional phrases
EXERCISE B3–2 Prepositional phrases
EXERCISE B3–3 Prepositional phrases
EXERCISE B3–4 Prepositional phrases
EXERCISE B3–5 Objects of prepositions
EXERCISE B3–6 Verbal phrases
EXERCISE B3–7 Verbal phrases
EXERCISE B3–8 Verbal phrases
EXERCISE B3–9 Verbal phrases
EXERCISE B3–10 Subordinate clauses
EXERCISE B3–11 Subordinate clauses
EXERCISE B3–12 Subordinate clauses
EXERCISE B3–13 Subordinate clauses
EXERCISE B3–14 Subjects of subordinate clauses
EXERCISE B3–15 Phrases and clauses
B4: Sentence types
B4-a: Sentence structures
B4-b: Sentence purposes
Exercises
EXERCISE B4–1 Sentence types
EXERCISE B4–2 Sentence types
EXERCISE B4–3 Sentence types
R: Researching
Researching
R1: Thinking like a researcher; gathering sources
R1-a: Managing the project
R1-b: Posing questions worth exploring
R1-c: Mapping out a search strategy
R1-d: Searching efficiently; mastering a few shortcuts to finding good sources
R1-e: Conducting field research
R1-f: Writing a research proposal
As you write (writing activities)
Managing the project
Posing questions worth exploring
Mapping out a search strategy
Writing a research proposal
Locating sources using online tools and databases
Exercises
EXERCISE R1–1 Research questions
R2: Managing information; taking notes responsibly
R2-a: Maintaining a working bibliography
R2-b: Keeping track of source materials
R2-c: Taking notes carefully to avoid unintentional plagiarism
As you write (writing activities)
Taking notes to avoid plagiarism
Choosing a documentation style
R3: Evaluating sources
R3-a: Thinking about how sources might contribute to your writing
R3-b: Selecting sources worth your time and attention
R3-c: Reading with an open mind and a critical eye
R3-d: Assessing Web sources with special care
R3-e: Constructing an annotated bibliography
Writing guide: Annotated bibliography
As you write (writing activities)
Planning with sources
Evaluating sources you find on the Web
Developing an annotated bibliography
Sample student writing
Orlov, “Online Monitoring: A Threat to Employee Privacy in the Wired Workplace: An Annotated Bibliography” (annotated bibliography; MLA)
Niemeyer, “Keynesian Policy: Implications for the Current U.S. Economic Crisis” (annotated bibliography; APA)
MLA: MLA Papers
MLA Papers
MLA-1: Supporting a thesis
MLA-1a: Forming a working thesis
MLA-1b: Organizing your ideas
MLA-1c: Using sources to inform and support your argument
Exercises
EXERCISE MLA 1–1 Thesis statements in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 1–2 Thesis statements in MLA papers
MLA-2: Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism
MLA-2a: Understanding how the MLA system works
MLA-2b: Understanding what plagiarism is
MLA-2c: Using quotation marks around borrowed language
MLA-2d: Putting summaries and paraphrase in your own words
Exercises
EXERCISE MLA 2–1 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 2–2 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 2–3 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 2–4 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 2–5 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 2–6 Recognizing common knowledge in MLA papers
MLA-3: Integrating sources
MLA-3a: Using quotations appropriately
MLA-3b: Using signal phrases to integrate sources
MLA-3c: Synthesizing sources
Exercises
EXERCISE MLA 3–1 Integrating sources in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 3–2 Integrating sources in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 3–3 Integrating sources in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 3–4 Integrating sources in MLA papers
EXERCISE MLA 3–5 Integrating sources in MLA papers
MLA-4: Documenting sources
MLA-4a: MLA in-text citations
MLA-4b: MLA list of works cited
MLA-4c: MLA information notes
Exercises
EXERCISE MLA 4–1 MLA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE MLA 4–2 MLA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE MLA 4–3 MLA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE MLA 4–4 MLA documentation: identifying elements of sources
EXERCISE MLA 4–5 MLA documentation: works cited
EXERCISE MLA 4–6 MLA documentation: works cited
EXERCISE MLA 4–7 MLA documentation: works cited
EXERCISE MLA 4–8 MLA documentation
MLA-5: Manuscript format; sample research paper
MLA-5a: MLA manuscript format
MLA-5b: Sample MLA research paper
APA: APA Papers
APA Papers
APA-1: Supporting a thesis
APA-1a: Forming a working thesis
APA-1b: Organizing your ideas
APA-1c: Using sources to inform and support your argument
Exercises
EXERCISE APA 1–1 Thesis statements in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 1–2 Thesis statements in APA papers
APA-2: Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism
APA-2a: Understanding how the APA system works
APA-2b: Understanding what plagiarism is
APA-2c: Using quotation marks around borrowed language
APA-2d: Putting summaries and paraphrase in your own words
Exercises
EXERCISE APA 2–1 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–2 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–3 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–4 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–5 Recognizing common knowledge in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–6 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 2–7 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers
APA-3: Integrating sources
APA-3a: Using quotations appropriately
APA-3b: Using signal phrases to integrate sources
APA-3c: Synthesizing sources
Exercises
EXERCISE APA 3–1 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–2 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–3 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–4 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–5 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–6 Integrating sources in APA papers
EXERCISE APA 3–7 Integrating sources in APA papers
APA-4: Documenting sources
APA-4a: APA in-text citations
APA-4b: APA list of references
Exercises
EXERCISE APA 4–1 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–2 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–3 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–4 APA documentation: identifying elements of sources
EXERCISE APA 4–5 APA documentation: reference list
EXERCISE APA 4–6 APA documentation: reference list
EXERCISE APA 4–7 APA documentation: reference list
EXERCISE APA 4–8 APA documentation
EXERCISE APA 4–9 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–10 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–11 APA documentation: in-text citations
EXERCISE APA 4–12 APA documentation: reference list
APA-5: Manuscript format; sample research paper
APA-5a: APA manuscript format
APA-5b: Sample APA research paper
CMS: CMS (Chicago) Papers
CMS (Chicago) Papers
CMS-1: Supporting a thesis
CMS-1a: Forming a working thesis
CMS-1b: Organizing your ideas
CMS-1c: Using sources to inform and support your argument
Exercises
EXERCISE CMS 1–1 Thesis statements in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 1–2 Thesis statements in Chicago papers
CMS-2: Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism
CMS-2a: Using the CMS system for citing sources
CMS-2b: Understanding what plagiarism is
CMS-2c: Using quotation marks around borrowed language
CMS-2d: Putting summaries and paraphrase in your own words
Exercises
EXERCISE CMS 2–1 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–2 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–3 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–4 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–5 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–6 Recognizing common knowledge in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 2–7 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers
CMS-3: Integrating sources
CMS-3a: Using quotations appropriately
CMS-3b: Using signal phrases to integrate sources
Exercises
EXERCISE CMS 3–1 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–2 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–3 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–4 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–5 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
EXERCISE CMS 3–6 Integrating sources in Chicago papers
CMS-4: Documenting sources
CMS-4a: First and later notes
CMS-4b: Bibliography
CMS-4c: Model notes and bibliography entries
Exercises
EXERCISE CMS 4–1 Chicago documentation: identifying elements of sources
EXERCISE CMS 4–2 Chicago documentation: notes
EXERCISE CMS 4–3 Chicago documentation: notes
EXERCISE CMS 4–4 Chicago documentation: notes
EXERCISE CMS 4–5 Chicago documentation: bibliography
EXERCISE CMS 4–6 Chicago documentation: bibliography
EXERCISE CMS 4–7 Chicago documentation: bibliography
EXERCISE CMS 4–8 Chicago documentation
EXERCISE CMS 4–9 Chicago documentation: notes
CMS-5: Manuscript format; sample pages
CMS-5a: CMS (Chicago) manuscript format
CMS-5b: Sample pages from a CMS-style research paper
Multilingual Menu
Revision Symbols
D: Writing in the Disciplines
D1: Introduction: Writing in different disciplines
D2: Writing in the biological sciences
D2-a: Audience needs
D2-b: Forms of writing
D2-c: Questions biologists ask
D2-d: Kinds of evidence
D2-e: Writing conventions
D2-f: CSE system for citation
D2-g: Sample student paper: Laboratory report
D3: Writing in business
D3-a: Audience needs
D3-b: Forms of writing
D3-c: Questions business writers ask
D3-d: Kinds of evidence
D3-e: Writing conventions
D3-f: APA or CMS (Chicago) system for citation
D3-g: Sample student papers: An investigative report and a proposal
D4: Writing in criminal justice and criminology
D4-a: Audience needs
D4-b: Forms of writing
D4-c: Questions criminal justice professionals and criminologists ask
D4-d: Kinds of evidence
D4-e: Writing conventions
D4-f: APA or CMS (Chicago) system for citation
D4-g: Sample student paper: Administrative report
D5: Writing in education
D5-a: Audience needs
D5-b: Forms of writing
D5-c: Questions educators ask
D5-d: Kinds of evidence
D5-e: Writing conventions
D5-f: APA or CMS (Chicago) system for citation
D5-g: Sample student paper: Reflective essay
D6: Writing in engineering
D6-a: Audience needs
D6-b: Forms of writing
D6-c: Questions engineers ask
D6-d: Kinds of evidence
D6-e: Writing conventions
D6-f: CMS (Chicago), IEEE, or USGS system for citation
D6-g: Sample student paper: Proposal
D7: Writing in history
D7-a: Audience needs
D7-b: Forms of writing
D7-c: Questions historians ask
D7-d: Kinds of evidence
D7-e: Writing conventions
D7-f: CMS (Chicago) system for citation
D7-g: Sample student paper: Research essay
D8: Writing in music
D8-a: Audience needs
D8-b: Forms of writing
D8-c: Questions musicians and musicologists ask
D8-d: Kinds of evidence
D8-e: Writing conventions
D8-f: MLA system for citation
D8-g: Sample student paper: Concert review
D9: Writing in nursing
D9-a: Audience needs
D9-b: Forms of writing
D9-c: Questions nurses ask
D9-d: Kinds of evidence
D9-e: Writing conventions
D9-f: APA system for citation
D9-g: Sample student paper: Nursing practice paper
D10: Writing in psychology
D10-a: Audience needs
D10-b: Forms of writing
D10-c: Questions psychologists ask
D10-d: Kinds of evidence
D10-e: Writing conventions
D10-f: APA system for citation
D10-g: Sample student paper: Literature review (excerpt)
L: Writing about Literature
L1: Reading to form an interpretation
L1-a: Reading actively
L1-b: Forming an interpretation
L2-a: Drafting a thesis
L2-b: Sketching an outline
L3-a: Drafting an introduction
L3-b: Supporting your interpretation; avoiding simple plot summary
L4: Observing the conventions of literature papers
L4-a: Referring to authors, titles, and characters
L4-b: Using the present tense
L4-c: Using MLA style to format quotations
L5: Integrating quotations from the text
L5-a: Distinguishing between the author and a narrator or speaker
L5-b: Providing context for quotations
L5-c: Avoiding shifts in tense
L5-d: Indicating changes in a quotation: using brackets and the ellipsis mark
L5-e: Enclosing embedded quotations in single quotation marks
L5-f: Using MLA style to cite passages from the work
L6: Using secondary sources
L6-a: Documenting sources
L6-b: Avoiding plagiarism
L7: Sample papers: An analysis of a poem and an analysis of a short story
E: Resources for Multilingual Writers and ESL
E1: Understanding college expectations
E1-a: Reading the syllabus
E1-b: Understanding classroom expectations
E1-c: Participating actively
E1-d: Attending classes regularly
E1-e: Getting extra help
E2: Strategies for improving your academic English
E2-a: Engaging in intensive and extensive language activities
E2-b: Reading while listening
E2-c: Using an English-English dictionary or a thesaurus
E2-d: Becoming familiar with the Academic Word List
E2-e: Learning prefixes and suffixes
E2-f: Keeping a vocabulary notebook
E2-g: Keeping an editing log
E2-h: Targeting specific areas for improvement
E3: Academic writing and cultural expectations
E3-a: Asserting your claim before providing evidence
E3-b: Taking a stand on an issue
E3-c: Including details that support the main idea
E3-d: Recognizing intellectual property and avoiding plagiarism
E3-e: Sample student essay
E4: Practice exercises
E4-a: Intensive grammar exercises
Exercise E1–1 Verb forms and tenses
Exercise E1–2 Verb forms and tenses
Exercise E1–3 Verb forms and tenses
Exercise E1–4 Modal verbs
Exercise E1–5 Passive verb forms
Exercise E1–6 Negative verb forms
Exercise E1–7 Conditional sentences
Exercise E1–8 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Exercise E2–1 Linking verbs
Exercise E2–2 Missing subjects or expletives
Exercise E2–3 Unnecessary words
Exercise E2–4 Placement of adverbs
Exercise E3–1 Articles
Exercise E3–2 Articles
Exercise E3–3 Articles
Exercise E4–1 Present and past participles
Exercise E5–1 Prepositions showing time and place
Exercise E5–2 Preposition combinations
E4-b: Topics for writing practice
Directions for intensive practice (focus on grammar and on writing and editing skills)
Directions for extensive practice (focus on fluency and speed)
Prompt 1: Focus on verb tense and form
Prompt 2: Focus on verb tense and form
Prompt 3: Focus on verb tense and form
Prompt 4: Focus on modal verbs
Prompt 5: Focus on gerunds and infinitives following verbs
Prompt 6: Focus on sentence structure
Prompt 7: Focus on conditional sentences
Prompt 8: Focus on articles or prepositions
Prompt 9: Focus on adjectives and adjective clauses
Prompt 10: Focus on main ideas
Prompt 11: Focus on thesis and support
Prompt 12: Focus on paragraph development
Prompt 13: Focus on transitions
Prompt 14: Focus on citing sources
Prompt 15: Focus on integrating sources
MM: Understanding and Composing Multimodal Projects
MM1: Introduction
MM1-a What does it mean to “read” a text?
MM1-b What is multimodal composing?
MM1-c Composing hasn’t changed
MM1-d Composing has changed
MM1-e Composing in college
MM1-f Composing beyond college
MM1-g What this text offers
MM1-h A toolkit for analyzing and composing multimodal texts
MM2: Analyzing written words
MM2-a: Genre: In what kind of document do the written words appear?
MM2-b: Features: What do the words look like?
MM2-c: Purpose and audience: What is the purpose of the written words? Who is the intended reader?
MM2-d: Meaning: What effect do the words have on the reader?
Activity MM2–1: Your understanding
MM3: Analyzing sound
MM3-a: Genre: What kind of sound is it?
MM3-b: Features: Pitch, pace, and volume of the sound
MM3-c: Purpose and audience: What is sound being used for? Who is the intended listener?
MM3-d: Meaning: What effect does sound have on the listener?
Activity MM3–1: Your understanding
MM4: Analyzing static images
MM4-a: Genre: What kind of image is it?
MM4-b: Features: Context, perspective, and elements of the image
MM4-c: Purpose and audience: What is the image meant to convey? Who is the intended viewer?
MM4-d: Meaning: What effect does the image have on the viewer?
Activity MM4–1: Your understanding
MM5: Analyzing moving images
MM5-a: Genre: What kind of moving image is it?
MM5-b: Features: Perspective, composition, and editing
MM5-c: Purpose and audience: What are the moving images being used for? Who is the intended viewer?
MM5-d: Meaning: What effect do the moving images have on the viewer?
Activity MM5–1: Your understanding
Activity MM5–2: Your understanding
MM6: Analyzing multimodal texts
MM6-a: Genre: What kind of multimodal text is it?
MM6-b: Features: Which modes are represented? How do they work on their own and with each other?
MM6-c: Purpose and audience: What is the composition doing? Whom is it intended to reach?
MM6-d: Meaning: What effect does the multimodal composition have on the viewer?
Activity MM6–1: Your understanding
MM7: Starting your own multimodal project
MM7-a: Getting direction from the assignment
MM7-b: Considering the “So what?” question
MM7-c: Understanding expectations, managing your time
Activity MM7–1: Your understanding
Activity MM7–2: Your project
MM8: Considering your purpose and audience
MM8-a: Prewriting with your purpose in mind
MM8-b: Identifying your audience's needs and perspectives
MM8-c: Connecting with your audience
MM8-d: Recognizing an unintended audience
Activity MM8–1: Your understanding
Activity MM8–2: Your understanding
Activity MM8–3: Your project
MM9: Planning your project
MM9-a: Understanding your own composing process
MM9-b: Collaborating effectively with others
MM9-c: Deciding on a main idea
MM9-d: Planning support
MM9-e: Choosing a genre and delivery method
Activity MM9–1: Your understanding
Activity MM9–2: Your understanding
Activity MM9–3: Your project
MM10: Managing your project
MM10-a: Saving all your files in one place
MM10-b: Keeping track of all your files
MM10-c: Using clear file names
MM10-d: Keeping track of versions when sharing files
Activity MM10–1: Your understanding
Activity MM10–2: Your understanding
MM11: Outlining and drafting your project
MM11-a: Choosing the right organizing tool
MM11-b: Drafting to support your main idea
Activity MM11–1: Your understanding
Activity MM11–2: Your project
MM12: Emphasizing important information
MM12-a Determining what needs emphasis
MM12-b Choosing a strategy for creating emphasis
Activity MM12–1: Your understanding
Activity MM12–2: Your project
MM13: Revising and editing your multimodal project
MM13-a: Seeking and using feedback
MM13-b: Revising and remixing
MM13-c: Editing
Activity MM13–1: Your understanding
Activity MM13–2: Your project
MM14: Integrating and documenting sources
MM14-a: Documenting sources
MM14-b: Knowing when a citation is needed
MM14-c: Determining how to integrate sources
MM14-d: Figuring out how to document sources
Activity MM14–1: Your understanding
Activity MM14–2: Your project
MM15: Presenting or publishing your project
MM15-a: Knowing your options
MM15-b: Spaces for presenting and publishing
MM15-c: Making your project accessible and usable
Activity MM15–1: Your understanding
Activity MM15–2: Your project
O: Strategies for Online Learners
O1: Preparing to learn online
O1-a: Checking your readiness for online learning
O1-b: Understanding the similarities and differences between traditional and online courses
O2: Becoming familiar with your online course
O2-a: Learning to navigate the course platform and other technology
O2-b: Becoming familiar with the course materials and requirements
O3: Participating actively in online courses
O3-a: Setting priorities and managing your time effectively
O3-b: Communicating regularly with your instructor and classmates
O3-c: Making adjustments to increase your motivation and participation
O4: Contributing appropriate content in online courses
O4-a: Submitting your best work
O4-b: Communicating courteously and professionally with your instructor and classmates
O4-c: Using the appropriate level of detail and clarity in discussions
O5: Avoiding plagiarism in online courses
O5-a: Recognizing common types of plagiarism and their consequences
O5-b: Keeping track of source material
O5-c: Avoid plagiarizing from others' discussion posts
O5-d: Asking your instructor for clarification
O6: Finding extra help
O6-a: Attend workshops or visiting the computer lab
O6-b: Preparing for possible technology challenges
O6-c: Using help menus or contacting tech support
O6-d: Asking your instructor and peers for help with course material
A brief glossary of online learning terminology
Copyright page
Acknowledgments
Directory to MLA in-text citation models
Directory to MLA works cited models
Directory to APA in-text citation models
Directory to APA reference list models
Directory to CMS-style notes and bibliography entries
Index
Nancy Sommers on Argument
Nancy Sommers on the Composing Process
Nancy Sommers on Reading and Responding
Nancy Sommers on Revision
Nancy Sommers on Teacher Comments