Most English sentences flow from subject to verb to any objects or complements.
The main parts of the sentence are the subject and the verb. Predicate is the grammatical term given to the verb plus its objects, complements, and modifiers.
Exercise: Subjects 1
Exercise: Subjects 2
Exercise: Subject complements and direct objects
Exercise: Indirect objects and object complements
Exercise: All objects and complements
Exercise: Linking, transitive, and intransitive verbs
subject Grammatically, a word or word group that names who or what a sentence is about.
verb A word that expresses action (jump, think) or being (is, was, seems). A sentence's verb is composed of a main verb possibly preceded by one or more helping verbs.
object The part of the sentence that receives the action of a transitive verb.
complement A word that follows a linking verb and renames the subject (subject complement) or that follows and renames a direct object (object complement).