Using signal phrases in APA papers

To avoid monotony, try to vary the language and placement of your signal phrases.

In the words of Carmona (2004), “. . .”

As Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) have noted, “. . .”

Hoppin and Taveras (2004), medical researchers, pointed out that “. . .”

“. . . ,” claimed Critser (2003).

“. . . ,” wrote Duenwald (2004), “. . .”

Researchers McDuffie et al. (2003) have offered an odd argument for this view: “. . .” Hilts (2002) answered these objections with the following analysis: “. . .”

admitted	contended	reasoned
agreed	declared	refuted
argued	denied	rejected
asserted	emphasized	reported
believed	insisted	responded
claimed	noted	suggested
compared	observed	thought
confirmed	pointed out	wrote