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ORIGINAL SOURCE

We probably spend more time thinking and talking about other people than anything else. If another person makes us exuberantly happy, furiously angry, or deeply sad, we often can’t stop thinking about him or her. We will often drop his or her name in our conversations with others, tossing in numerous pronouns as we refer to the person. Consequently, if the speaker is thinking and talking about a friend, expect high rates of third-person singular pronouns. If worried about communists, right-wing radio hosts, or bureaucrats, words such as they and them will be more frequent than average.

The word I is no different. If people are self-conscious, their attention flips to themselves briefly but at higher rates than people who are not self-conscious. For example, people use the word I more when completing a questionnaire in front of a mirror than if no mirror is present. If their attention is drawn to themselves because they are sick, feeling pain, or deeply depressed, then also use I more. In contrast, people who are immersed in a task tend to use I-words at very low levels.

From Pennebaker, James W. The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say about Us. Bloomsbury Press, 2011.

[The source passage is from pages 291-92. Page 291 ends after Consequently, at the start of the fourth sentence.]

From The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say about Us by James W. Pennebaker, published by Bloomsbury Press. © 2011 by James W. Pennebaker. Reprinted with permission of Bloomsbury Press, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing, Inc.

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