Chicago guidelines, bibliography

Chicago-112

Typically, the notes in Chicago-style papers are followed by a bibliography, an alphabetically arranged list of all the works cited or consulted. Center the title “Bibliography” about one inch from the top of the page. Number bibliography pages consecutively with the rest of the paper.

For details about the exact format for specific kinds of sources, consult the Directory to Chicago notes and bibliography entries.

Alphabetizing the list

Alphabetize the bibliography by the last names of the authors (or editors); when a work has no author or editor, alphabetize it by the first word of the title other than A, An, or The.

If your list includes two or more works by the same author, arrange the entries alphabetically by title. Then use six hyphens instead of the author’s name in all entries after the first. See Multiple works by the same author.

Indenting and line spacing

Begin each entry at the left margin, and indent any additional lines one-half inch. Single-space each entry and double-space between entries (unless your instructor prefers double-spacing throughout).

URLs and DOIs

When a URL or a DOI (digital object identifier) must break across lines, do not insert a hyphen or break at a hyphen if the URL or DOI contains one. Instead, break after a colon or a double slash or before any other mark of punctuation.

If your word processing program automatically turns URLs into links (by underlining them and changing the color), usually you should turn off this feature. Some instructors, however, may prefer that you provide live links in papers submitted electronically. Check with your instructor if you are unsure of the requirements in your course.

Sample Chicago bibliography

Bishop, “The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Holding Nathan Bedford Forrest Accountable”

Chicago-113

General guidelines for Chicago notes and bibliography

Directory to Chicago notes and bibliography entries

Directory to sample student writing in Chicago style