Using signal phrases in MLA papers

To avoid monotony, try to vary both the language and the placement of your signal phrases.

Model signal phrases

In the words of researchers Greenfield and Davis, “. . .”

As legal scholar Jay Kesan has noted, “. . .”

The ePolicy Institute, an organization that advises companies about reducing risks from technology, reported that “. . .”

“. . . ,” writes Daniel Tynan, “. . .”

“. . . ,” claims attorney Schmitt.

Kizza and Ssanyu offer a persuasive counterargument: “. . .”

Verbs in signal phrases

acknowledges

adds

admits

agrees

argues

asserts

believes

claims

comments

compares

confirms

contends

declares

denies

disputes

emphasizes

endorses

grants

illustrates

implies

insists

notes

observes

points

out

reasons

refutes

rejects

reports

responds

suggests

thinks

writes