In-text citation
Research by E. Smith (1989) revealed that. . . .
One 2012 study contradicted . . . (R. Smith, p. 234).
Explain
To avoid confusion if your reference list includes two or more authors with the same last name, use initials with the last names in your in-text citations.
Beginning of reference list entries
Smith, E. (1989).
Smith, R. S. (2012).
Directory to APA in-text citation models