writershelp2e_axs

Mentioning the author in the text

If the author or publication date of a particular work is important to your discussion, add this information to the sentence.

In-text citation: citation-sequence or citation-name

Smith,¹¹ studying three species of tree frogs in South Carolina, was the first to observe.. . .

This species was not listed in early floras of New York; however, in 1985 it was reported in a botanical survey of Chenango County.¹³

In-text citation: name-year

This species was not listed in early floras of New York; however, it was reported in a botanical survey of Chenango County (Osiecki and Smith 1985) and has since been verified.

Smith (2003) observed seasonal behavior of three species of tree frogs in South Carolina.

Explain

In the name-year system, the author’s name and the date are given in parentheses in the text of the paper (first example).
Alternatively, the author’s name can be given in a signal phrase and the date in parentheses (second example).
For two authors, use “and” between the last names.
For three or more authors, give the first author’s name followed by “et al.” (for “and others”).
In the parenthetical citation, use no comma between the author’s name and the date.