Speakers have the main role in presentations, but audience members have important roles, too. A speaker needs support, so as an audience member you should look at the speaker, make eye contact, and show you are interested with your body language and facial expression. Practice being a skilled listener by focusing on the speaker—whether it’s a peer or the instructor. Avoid distractions such as your phone or your laptop. Listen for logical arguments and evidence, so that you understand the speaker’s point and can respond meaningfully during the question-and-answer session.

Speakers generally take questions after a talk, and there is always a nervous moment when the speaker waits for the first question. This is when the audience has an important role. It is awkward and discourteous for a speaker to be left in silence by the audience. So be ready with a question or a comment to show the speaker you share enthusiasm for the topic. As you listen to someone speak, make a note or two about questions you have or things you want to know more about. When you have the chance, offer a compliment on the presentation, a comment on some interesting or surprising point, or a pertinent and well-worded question.