When referring to the author of a literary work or a secondary source, such as a critical essay, you should give the author’s full name the first time you mention it: Virginia Woolf is known for her experimental novels. In subsequent references, you may use the last name only: Woolf’s early work was largely overlooked. As a rule, do not use personal titles such as Mr. or Ms. or Dr. when referring to authors.
When you mention the title of a short story, an essay, or a short or medium-length poem, put the title in quotation marks.
“The Lesson,” by Toni Cade Bambara
“Gender Gap in Cyberspace,” by Deborah Tannen
“The Tyger,” by William Blake
Italicize the titles of novels, nonfiction books, plays, and long poems.
The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou
M. Butterfly, by David Henry Hwang
Howl, by Allen Ginsberg
Refer to each character by the name most often used for him or her in the work. If, for instance, a character’s name is Lambert Strether and he is always referred to as “Strether,” do not call him “Lambert” or “Mr. Strether.” Similarly, write “Lady Macbeth,” not “Mrs. Macbeth.”
Related topics:
Using the present tense to describe fictional events
Avoiding shifts in tense when integrating quotations
Avoiding confusion of the work’s author with a narrator, speaker, or character
Documenting secondary sources
Using quotation marks
Using italics