IEEE Style

467

IEEE style consists of two elements: citations in the text and a reference list at the end of the document.

IEEE Style for Reference List Entries
BOOKS ELECTRONIC SOURCES

1. Book by One Author

10. Article in an Online Journal or Magazine

2. Book by Multiple Authors

11. Website

3. Book Authored by an Organization

12. Document on a Government Website

4. Edited Book

OTHER SOURCES

5. Chapter or Section in an Edited Book

13. Thesis or Dissertation

6. Book in an Edition Other Than the First

14. Standard

PRINT PERIODICALS

15. Scientific or Technical Report

7. Journal Article

16. Paper Published in Conference Proceedings

8. Magazine Article

17. Government Document

9. Newspaper Article

18. Unpublished Document

IEEE TEXTUAL CITATIONS

In the IEEE (originally, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) documentation system, citations in the text are bracketed numbers, keyed to a numbered list of references that appears at the end of the document. Entries in the list are arranged in the order in which they are cited in the text and are numbered sequentially. Once a reference has been listed, the same number is used in all subsequent citations of that source.

To cite references in the text, place the reference number or numbers immediately after the author’s name, in square brackets, before any punctuation. Use et al. if there are three or more author names.

A recent study by Goldfinkel [5] shows that this is not an efficient solution. Murphy [8]–[10] comes to a different conclusion.

You can also use the bracketed citation number or numbers as a noun.

In addition, [5] shows that this is not an efficient solution; however, [8]–[10] come to a different conclusion.

NOTE: Because references are listed in the order in which they first appear in the text, if you add a new citation within the text while rewriting or editing, you will need to renumber the reference list as well as the citations in the text. For example, if in rewriting you were to add a new reference between the first citations of the Murphy references originally numbered [8] and [9], the previous example would then read:

468

. . . [8], [10], [11] come to a different conclusion.

To make a reference more precise, you can provide extra information.

A recent study by Goldfinkel [5, pp. 12–19] shows that this is not an efficient solution.

THE IEEE REFERENCE LIST

See a sample IEEE-style reference list.

The following guidelines will help you prepare IEEE-style references. For additional information on formatting entries, consult the latest edition of The IEEE Editorial Style Manual.

BOOKS

1. Book by One Author Include the author’s first initial and middle initial (if available), the author’s last name, the book title (in italics), the place of publication, the publisher, the year of publication, and the page range of the material referenced.

[1] B. Mehlenbacher, Instruction and Technology: Designs for Everyday Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010, pp. 22–28.

2. Book by Multiple Authors List all the authors’ names. Use et al. after the first author’s name only if the other names are not given. Do not invert names, and include a comma before and only if there are three or more names.

[2] S.-T. Yau and S. J. Nadis, The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe’s Hidden Dimensions. New York: Basic Books, 2010, pp. 254–255.

3. Book Authored by an Organization The organization takes the place of the author.

[3] World Bank, World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011, pp. 25–31.

4. Edited Book Include the abbreviation Ed. (singular) or Eds. (plural) after the name(s).

[4] J. Dibbell, Ed., The Best Technology Writing 2010. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010, pp. 157–162.

5. Chapter or Section in an Edited Book Give the author and the title of the chapter or section first (enclosed in quotation marks and with only the first word capitalized), followed by the word in, the book title, and the book editor(s). Then give the publication information for the book and the page numbers where the chapter or section appears.

[5] E. Castronova, “The changing meaning of play,” in Online Communication and Collaboration: A Reader, H. M. Donelan, K. L. Kear, and M. Ramage, Eds. New York: Routledge, 2010, pp. 184–189.

6. Book in an Edition Other Than the First The edition number follows the title of the book and is preceded by a comma.

[6] L. Xinju, Laser Technology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010, pp. 203–205.

470

PRINT PERIODICALS

7. Journal Article Include the author, the article title, and the journal title (abbreviated where possible), followed by the volume number, issue number, page number(s), abbreviated month, and year (or abbreviated month, day, and year for weekly periodicals).

[7] R. C. Weber, P.-Y. Lin, E. J. Garnero, Q. Williams, and P. Lognonne, “Seismic detection of the lunar core,” Science, vol. 331, no. 6015, pp. 309–312, Jan. 21, 2011.

8. Magazine Article List the author, the article title, and the magazine title (abbreviated where possible), followed by the page number(s) and the issue date.

[8] J. Villasenor, “The hacker in your hardware,” Scientific Amer., pp. 82–87, Aug. 2010.

9. Newspaper Article List the author, the article title, and the newspaper name, followed by the section and the date.

[9] M. Woolhouse, “For many, snow day is business as usual,” Boston Globe, sec. B, Jan. 13, 2011.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

10. Article in an Online Journal or Magazine

[10] R. Marani and A. G. Perri. (2010). An electronic medical device for preventing and improving the assisted ventilation of intensive care unit patients. Open Elect. Electron. Eng. J. [Online]. 4, pp. 16–20. Available: http://www.benthamscience.com/open/toeej/openaccess2.htm

11. Website

[11] American Institute of Physics. (2011). American Institute of Physics [Online]. Available: http://www.aip.org

12. Document on a Government Website

[12] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preparation and planning for bioterrorism emergencies [Online]. Available: http://emergency.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/prep.asp

OTHER SOURCES

13. Thesis or Dissertation

[13] J. L. Beutler, “Frequency response and gain enhancement of solid-state impactionization multipliers (SIMs),” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT, 2010.

14. Standard For standards, include the title in italics, the standard number, and the date.

[14] Testing and Evaluation Protocol for Spectroscopic Personal Radiation Detectors (SPRDs) for Homeland Security, ANSI Standard T&E Protocol N42.48, 2010.

15. Scientific or Technical Report

[15] E. G. Fernando, “Investigation of rainfall and regional factors for maintenance cost allocation,” Texas Transportation Inst. Texas A&M, College Station, TX, Report 5-4519-01-1, Aug. 2010.

471

16. Paper Published in Conference Proceedings

[16] T. O’Brien, A. Ritz, B. J. Raphael, and D. H. Laidlaw, “Gremlin: An interactive visualization model for analyzing genomic rearrangements,” in Proc. IEEE Information Visualization Conf., 2010, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 918–926.

17. Government Document

[17] W. R. Selbig and R. T. Bannerman, “Characterizing the size distribution of particles in urban stormwater by use of fixed-point sample-collection methods,” U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2011-1052, 2011.

18. Unpublished Document

[18] S. Reed, “An approach to evaluating the autistic spectrum in uncooperative adolescents,” unpublished.

SAMPLE IEEE REFERENCE LIST

Following is a sample reference list using the IEEE numbered reference system. The references are listed in the order in which they might appear in a fictional document.

image

Article in an online magazine

Chapter in an edited book

Book in an edition other than the first

Online journal article

Standard

Journal article