1033

INDEX

“10 Reasons to Stop Apologizing for Your Online Life” (Samuel), 808

“2000 lbs.” (Turner), 600–604, 655

A

Achebe, Chinua, “Civil Peace,” 885–90

Acton, Mary, 647

Adams, Ansel, 550–51

Adams, Eddie, “Saigon Execution,” 598

ad hominem fallacy, 76–77

Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi, “Cell One,” 435–45

“Adventures in Chinese Parenting” (Yang), 326

“Against School” (Gatto), 207–12, 243

Agosín, Marjorie, “English,” 780–83

Aldiss, Brian, “Flight 063,” 322–24, 393–94

Alexie, Sherman, “Facebook Sonnet,” 811–13, 839

Allenby, Brad, “Is Human Enhancement Cheating?,” 502–6

allusion, 32, 33, 47, 80–81, 393. See also figurative language

Alone Together (Turkle), 801–7

Alter Egos: Avatars and Their Creators (Cooper), 813–27

“Ambition: Why Some People Are Most Likely to Succeed” (Kluger), 324–32, 401–2, 407

“America” (McKay), 44

American Childhood, An (Dillard), 466–69

American Values Survey (Pew Research Center), 514

analogy, argument by, 525–28

analysis, defined, 11–13

Anderson, Laurie Halse, Speak, 26–28

Andreessen, Marc, 898–99

And the Pursuit of Happiness (Kalman), 629–47

anecdotes, as evidence, 72

Angelou, Maya, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 224–32, 236, 244

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (Kingsolver), 106–7

Animal Farm (Orwell), 388–91, 408

“Animal’s Place, An” (Pollan), 107–8

“Anonymous Back-Stabbing of Internet Message Boards, The” (Pitts), 831–33

antagonist, 36, 649

“A & P” (Updike), 455–61

appeal, evidence and, 404

“Are Humans Necessary?” (Atwood), 905–10, 948

arguable claims, 59–60

Arguing the Point (Currier), 3

“Argument against Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 8” (Sanford), 78–79

arguments

synthesis arguments, 529–33

writing, 399–409

See also rhetoric

Art of Courtly Love, The (Capellanus), 717

Asimov, Isaac, “Robot Dreams,” 900–905

As You Like It (Shakespeare). See “Seven Ages of Man, The” (Shakespeare)

Atwood, Margaret, “Are Humans Necessary?,” 905–10, 948

Auden, W. H., “Musée des Beaux Arts,” 318–20

audience, rhetorical situation and, 63

Austen, Jane, Pride and Prejudice, 45–46

Auth, Tony, 525–26

Automat (Hopper), 651–52

Ayrton, Michael, 293

B

Bacon, Francis, 2

Bagley, Pat, 58

Baldwin, James, 754

bandwagon appeal, 77

Bao, Vu. See Vu Bao, “The Man Who Stained His Soul”

Bar-Chaiim, Yaacov Yisroel, 455

Barrat, James, Our Final Invention, 932–36

Bassano, Jacopo, 430

Beecher, Henry Ward, 175

Bergland, Christopher, “Cheaters Never Win,” 498–502, 532–33

Berry, Wendell, “The Pleasures of Eating,” 106

“Better Than Human” (Kelly), 910–16

bias, detecting, 76

Blake, William, “The Tyger,” 53–54

blocking, 247–48

block quotes, 660

Blow, Charles, “Eye-for-an-Eye Incivility,” 67

body paragraphs, 406–8, 662–63

Bol, Ferdinand, Fall of Icarus, 321

Bostrom, Nick, 929

BotPoet.com, 902

Bourke-White, Margaret, 838

Bowen, Daniel, “High School Sports Aren’t Killing Academics” (with Collin Hitt), 97–98

Bowie, David, 124–25

“Brave New World of Digital Intimacy” (Thompson), 789–800

Brooks, David, 74–75

Brooks, Rosa, “In Defense of Killer Robots,” 936–41

Bruegel, Pieter, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, 319

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 210

Burke, Kenneth, 69

Bush, George H. W., 557

Bush, George W., 80

C

Callahan, David, The Cheating Culture, 510–17

Capellanus, Andreas, The Art of Courtly Love, 717

Carr, Nicholas, “The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains,” 18–20

Carson, Rachel, 57–58

Carver, Raymond, “Popular Mechanics,” 39–41

“Case against High School Sports, The” (Ripley), 93–96

“Case against Perfection, The” (Sandel), 415–26

“Case for a Higher Minimum Wage, The” (New York Times), 61

“Case for High School Sports, The” (Sato), 96–97

Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 48–49

Catt, Carrie Chapman, “Women’s Suffrage Is Inevitable,” 383–87

“Cell One” (Adichie), 435–45

Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote, 345–52

“Challenger Speech” (Reagan), 64–65, 68

1034

Challenge to Democracy, A (U.S. War Relocation Authority), 540–41

“Changes” (Bowie), 124–25

character and theme

analyzing

characterization, 651–52

connecting character and meaning, 653–55

culminating activity, 656

types of characters, 649–51

writing about

introduction, 657

Step 1: gathering evidence, 658

Step 2: stating thesis, 658–60

Step 3: integrating evidence, 660–61

Step 4: structuring essay, 661–63

characterization, 35–36, 651–52

Chauvet Cave drawings, 25–26

“Cheaters Never Win” (Bergland), 498–502, 532–33

Cheating Culture, The (Callahan), 510–17

“Cheating Is Good for You” (Consalvo), 506–9

“Cheating Upwards” (Kolker), 481–92

“Children as Enemies” (Jin), 763–69, 841, 845–51

Chivalry (Dicksee), 706

Christina’s World (Wyeth), 245

Cisneros, Sandra, “No Speak English,” 761–63

“Civil Peace” (Achebe), 885–90

claims, 59–61, 101, 402–3

Clarke, Arthur C., 10

close analyses, writing

introduction, 844–45

Step 1: analyzing passage, 845–48

Step 2: finding focus, 848

Step 3: developing thesis, 848–49

Step 4: providing textual evidence, 849–50

Step 5: addressing significance, 850–51

close reading, 951–55

Collins, Suzanne, 649

Common School Journal (Mann), 213–16

Common Sense (Paine), 374–77, 394

Comparative Test Scores (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), 100

conclusions, 663, 958–59

conflict, 37, 41

connotation, 45, 79, 945

Consalvo, Mia, “Cheating Is Good for You,” 506–9

context

literacy and, 13–15

in literary analyses, 661

tone and, 944–45

writing arguments and, 405

“Contribution to Statistics, A” (Szymborska), 464–65

Cooper, Robbie, Alter Egos: Avatars and Their Creators, 813–27

counterarguments, 74–75

Coupland, Douglas, 27, 654

Coypel, Charles-Antoine, Don Quixote Being Led by Folly, 348

Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John, Letters from an American Farmer, 612–14

curiosities, 32

Currier, Nathaniel, Arguing the Point, 3

Cyrano de Bergerac (Rostand), 667–753, 840, 841, 843

D

Dalí, Salvador, The Persistence of Memory, 29

Dalzell, Tom, 775

Dargis, Mahnola, “Sugar, Spice and Guts” (with A. O. Scott), 90

d’Ascenzo, Nicola, 160

data, as evidence, 72

debatable claims, 403

Democracy and Education (Dewey), 175

denotation, 45, 945

details, 244–45

“Deuce Out” (Schultz), 578–88, 653

“Devil’s Thumb, The” (Krakauer), 125–43

Dewey, John

Democracy and Education, 175

on scientific method, 12

DeWitt, John, 557

dialogue, 245–47

Dickens, Charles, A Tale of Two Cities, 44

Dickinson, Emily, “My river runs to thee,” 49

Dicksee, Frank, Chivalry, 706

diction

in close analyses, 847

in literature, 45–46, 51

tone and, 943–48

Dillard, Annie, An American Childhood, 466–69

direct characterization, 36, 651

Dirkse, Owen, 69

Disgrace of Cardinal Wolsey, The (Pettie), 335

“Dis Poem” (Mutabaruka), 770–73

Don Quixote (Cervantes), 345–52

Don Quixote Being Led by Folly (Coypel), 348

“Do Sports Build Character or Damage It?” (Edmundson), 98–99

“Dothead” (Majmudar), 627–29

Douglass, Frederick, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 755–60, 841

“Do You Like Me? Click Yes or No” (Harrington), 834–36

drama, literary elements in, 38

dramatic irony, 292, 840

“Dulce et Decorum Est” (Owen), 566–68

Dumas, Firoozeh, “Hot Dogs and Wild Geese,” 777–80, 840

Dunbar, Paul Laurence, “Sympathy,” 232

dynamic characters, 650

E

“Eating Poetry” (Strand), 17

Edmundson, Mark, “Do Sports Build Character or Damage It?,” 98–99

Edward Scissorhands, 28, 38

Egan, Tim, “The Hoax of Digital Life,” 807–11

either-or fallacy, 77

Elliot, Carl, “In Defense of the Beta Blocker,” 498

Elliot, Jane, 611

embedded quotes, 660

Englander, Nathan, “Free Fruit for Young Widows,” 445–55

“English” (Agosín), 780–83

English class, 10–11

ethos, 69–70, 404

evaluating sources, 102–3

“Eveline” (Joyce), 238

evidence

evaluating, 102–3

organizing, 101–2

rhetoric and, 71–74

textual, 103–5, 849–50, 957–58

writing arguments and, 403–5

“Ex-Basketball Player” (Updike), 104–5

expert opinion, as evidence, 72

“Eye-for-an-Eye Incivility” (Blow), 67

1035

F

“Facebook Sonnet” (Alexie), 811–13, 839

Fall of Icarus (Bol), 321

Fall of the Rebel Angels, The (Le Brun), 430

false dilemma, 77

Family Tree (Huan), 767

“Famous” (Nye), 33–34

Faulkner, William, 350

faulty analogies, 528

figurative imagery, 47

figurative language, 47, 52, 80, 847

first person, 35

Fisher, Richard, “Is It OK to Torture or Murder a Robot?,” 917–21

flat characters, 650

“Flight 063” (Aldiss), 322–24, 393–94

floodgates fallacy, 77

focused observation, 12–13

Foer, Jonathan Safran, “Let Them Eat Dog,” 108–9

foil, 650

“For a New Citizen of These United States” (Lee), 618–20

formal diction, 45–46

Francis, Alexander, Ralph Wheelock’s Farm, 613

Franklin, Ben, “Join, or Die,” 376

“Free Fruit for Young Widows” (Englander), 445–55

“Free to Be Happy” (Meacham), 892–96, 948, 951–58

Friends with Boys (Hicks), 185–206, 248

Fukuyama, Francis, “Transhumanism,” 928–31, 946

Fuseli, Johann Heinrich

Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers, 273

The Sleepwalking Lady Macbeth, 305

G

Gage, Rob, Katie and the Dock Workers, 460

Galiliei, Galileo, 56

García Márquez, Gabriel, “Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, A,” 428–34

Gatto, John Taylor, “Against School,” 207–12, 243

Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth, The (Robbins), 176–85, 247–48

Geisel, Theodor Suess, 548

“Gettysburg Address” (Lincoln), 570

Giovanni, Nikki, “Nikki-Rosa,” 877–79

Girl and Her Room, A (Matar), 156

Girl at a Window Reading a Letter (Vermeer), 165

Gold, Jack, 307

Goodall, Jane, 12–13

Good Samaritan parable, 430

Goold, Rupert, 271, 307

Goya, Francisco, 32–33

Grantland, 6

Griffiths, Jay, “The Tips of Your Fingers,” 79

Guernica (Picasso), 15

Gutenberg, Johannes, 2, 4

H

Hammett, Dashiell, The Maltese Falcon, 47

Hansberry, Lorraine, A Raisin in the Sun, 43

“Happy Family” (Shore), 879–81, 945–46

Harbisson, Neil, 930

Harrington, Jason Edward, “Do You Like Me? Click Yes or No,” 834–36

Harris, Sam, “Lying,” 470–77

“Harrison Bergeron” (Vonnegut), 871–77, 944–45

hasty generalization, 77

Hawking, Stephen, 899

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Scarlet Letter, 41–42

Hayden, Palmer, Midsummer Night in Harlem, 245

Heavenly Creatures, 149

Heller, Joe, Stone of Hope statue, 358

Heller, Joseph, 27–28

Henry V (Shakespeare). See “St. Crispin’s Day Speech, The”

Henry VIII (Shakespeare), 334–36, 397–98

Hicks, Edward, 854

Hicks, Faith Erin, Friends with Boys, 185–206, 248

“High School Sports Aren’t Killing Academics” (Bowen and Hitt), 97–98

Hitt, Collin, “High School Sports Aren’t Killing Academics” (with Daniel Bowen), 97–98

“Hoax of Digital Life, The” (Egan), 807–11

Hoepker, Thomas, 13–14

Homer, Odyssey, 36–37, 427

hooks, 405, 661

Hopper, Edward

Automat, 651–52

Summer Evening, 835

Horace’s School: Redesigning the American High School (Sizer), 217–23

Horrocks, Caitlyn, “Zolaria,” 144–53, 239, 243, 245–46

“Hot Dogs and Wild Geese” (Dumas), 777–80, 840

House, Arthur, “The Real Cyborgs,” 921–28

How of Happiness, The (Lyubomirsky), 88–89

Huan, Zhang, Family Tree, 767

Hume, David, 56

hyperbole, 47, 393. See also figurative language

I

“Ideal for Which I Am Prepared to Die, An” (Mandela), 364–74, 402–3

“I Have Been to the Mountaintop” (King), 355–64, 396, 405

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (Angelou), 224–32, 236, 244

imagery, 47–48, 52

“Inching toward Harrison Bergeron” (Williamson), 875

“In Defense of Killer Robots” (Brooks), 936–41

“In Defense of the Beta Blocker” (Elliot), 498

indirect characterization, 36, 651

Industrial Revolution, 2

informal diction, 45–46

information age, 3–4

informed opinions, 401–2

“In Response to Executive Order 9066” (Okita), 553

integrating textual evidence, 660–61

In the Hot Zone (Sites), 588–99, 655

Into the Wild (book and screenplay), 138–39

introductions, 661–62

irony

effect of, 842–43

types of, 838–41

“Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?” (Marche), 813

“Is Human Enhancement Cheating?” (Allenby), 502–6

“Is It OK to Torture or Murder a Robot?” (Fisher), 917–21

Iyer, Pico, “The Joy of Less,” 882–85, 944

1036

J

James, LeBron, 68

Jetsons, 898

Jin, Ha, “Children as Enemies,” 763–69, 841, 845–51

“Join, or Die” (Franklin), 376

Jones, Samuel John Egbert, “Macbeth,” Act 1, Scene 3, the Weird Sisters, 258

Joyce, James, “Eveline,” 162–67, 238

“Joy of Less, The” (Iyer), 882–85, 944

K

Kahlo, Frida, Self-Portrait on the Borderline between Mexico and the United States, 762

Kalman, Maira, And the Pursuit of Happiness, 629–47

Kambanda, Nola, “My New World Journey,” 620–26

Kant, Immanuel, 454, 463

Katie and the Dock Workers (Gage), 460

Kelly, Kevin, “Better Than Human,” 910–16

Khelifa, Karim Ben, “My Enemy, Myself,” 605–9

Kincaid, Jamaica

“On Seeing England for the First Time,” 80

A Small Place, 856–64, 947–48, 949–50

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

“I Have Been to the Mountaintop,” 355–64, 396, 405

“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 81

King, Stephen, 649–50

Kingsolver, Barbara, Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, 106–7

Klosterman, Chuck, “Why We Look the Other Way,” 492–98, 527

Kluger, Jeffrey, “Ambition: Why Some People Are Most Likely to Succeed,” 324–32, 401–2, 407

Kolker, Robert, “Cheating Upwards,” 481–92

Komunyakaa, Yusef, “Slam, Dunk, & Hook,” 50–52

Kozol, Jonathan, 232

Krakauer, Jon, “The Devil’s Thumb,” 125–43

Krauthammer, Charles, “Redskins and Reason,” 89–90, 526

Kruger, Barbara, 772

Kurosawa, Akira, Throne of Blood, 263

Kurzweil, Ray, The Singularity Is Near, 928

L

Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers (Fuseli), 273

Lakoff, George, 647

Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (Bruegel), 319

“Landscape with the Fall of Icarus” (Williams), 320–22, 395

Lange, Dorothea, 538, 550–51

language and style

literature and

diction, 45–46, 51

figurative language, 47, 52

imagery, 47–48, 52

introduction, 44–45

syntax, 46–47, 51

rhetoric and

allusion, 80–81

connotative language, 79

figurative language, 80

parallel structure, 81

rhetorical questions, 81

Last Child in the Woods (Louv), 61

Learning to Look at Paintings (Acton), 647

Le Brun, Charles, The Fall of the Rebel Angels, 430

Lee, Harper, To Kill a Mockingbird, 26, 37

Lee, Li-Young, “For a New Citizen of These United States,” 618–20

Le Guin, Ursula K., “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” 866–71, 949

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), 81

Letters from an American Farmer (Crèvecoeur), 612–14

“Let Them Eat Dog” (Foer), 108–9

Life Goes On, 16

Lim, Genny, “Winter Palace,” 47–48

limited omniscient narrator, 35

Lincoln, Abraham

Gettysburg Address, 570

second inaugural address, 80–81

links. See allusion

literacy

analysis and, 11–13

context and, 13–15

Culminating Activity

“Eating Poetry” (Strand), 17

Persepolis (Satrapi), 20–24

“The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains” (Carr), 18–20

defining, 1–3

English class and, 10–11

information age and, 3–4

literacy communities, 5–10

sample analysis: Life Goes On, 16

literal imagery, 47

literary evidence. See textual evidence

literature, thinking about

analyzing literature, 26–29

analyzing style and theme, 49–52

Culminating Activity: “The Tyger” (Blake) and “The Tell-Tale Heart” (Poe), 53–54

introduction, 25–26

language and style

diction, 45–46, 51

figurative language, 47, 52

imagery, 47–48, 52

introduction, 44–45

model analysis: The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger), 48–49

syntax, 46–47, 51

literary elements

characterization, 35–36

plot and conflict, 36–37, 41

point of view, 35, 40

setting, 37, 41

symbol, 38, 41

model analysis: “Popular Mechanics” (Carver), 39–41

theme, 31–34

logical fallacies, 76–77, 408–9, 528

logos, 66–68, 404

“Losing a Language” (Merwin), 784–86

Louv, Richard, Last Child in the Woods, 61

“Lying” (Harris), 470–77

Lyubomirsky, Sonja, The How of Happiness, 88–89

M

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 254–316, 395, 396–97

“Macbeth,” Act 1, Scene 3, Macbeth, Banquo and the Witches (Zuccarelli), 258

“Macbeth,” Act 1, Scene 3, the Weird Sisters (Jones), 258

Madrigal, Alexis C., “Why Facebook and Google’s Concept of ‘Real Names’ Is Revolutionary,” 827–30

1037

Mairs, Nancy, “On Being a Cripple,” 61

Majmudar, Amit, “Dothead,” 627–29

Malcolm X, 759

Maltese Falcon, The (Hammett), 47

Mandela, Nelson, “An Ideal for Which I Am Prepared to Die,” 364–74, 402–3

Mann, Horace, Common School Journal, 213–16

“Man Who Stained His Soul, The” (Vu Bao), 572–77, 656

Map of Endangered Languages by Country (UNESCO), 785

Marche, Stephen, “Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?,” 813

Martin, Steve, 682

Maslow, Abraham, 883

Matar, Rania, A Girl and Her Room, 156

McAuley, Paul, 892

McGonigal, Jane, Reality Is Broken, 88–89

McKay, Claude, “America,” 44

McKee, Rick, 500

Meacham, Jon, “Free to Be Happy,” 892–96, 948, 951–58

Mean Girls, 181

Men of Respect, 267

Merwin, W. S., “Losing a Language,” 784–86

metaphor, 47, 393. See also figurative language

Midsummer Night in Harlem (Palmer), 245

Mill, John Stuart, 463

minor characters, 649–50

“Mirror” (Plath), 112

More, Thomas, 855, 892

“Musée des Beaux Arts” (Auden), 318–20

Mutabaruka, “Dis Poem,” 770–73

“My Enemy, Myself” (Khelifa), 605–9

“My New World Journey” (Kambanda), 620–26

“My river runs to thee” (Dickinson), 49

“My Son the Man” (Olds), 154–55

N

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 755–60, 841

Newton, Isaac, 88

New York Times, “The Case for a Higher Minimum Wage,” 61

Night (Wiesel), 455

“Nikki-Rosa” (Giovanni), 877–79

nonverbal texts, 7

“No Speak English” (Cisneros), 761–63

Nunn, Trevor, 307

Nye, Naomi Shihab, “Famous,” 33–34

O

Obama, Barack

diction used by, 647

parallel structure used by, 81

straw man fallacy used by, 408–9

objective narrator, 35

O’Brien, Tim, 558, 610

occasion, rhetorical situation and, 63

Odyssey (Homer), 36–37, 427

Okita, Dwight, 553

Olds, Sharon, “My Son the Man” and “The Possessive,” 154–58

omniscient narrator, 35

“On Being a Cripple” (Mairs), 61

“Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, The” (Le Guin), 866–71, 949

“On Seeing England for the First Time” (Kincaid), 80

opposites, 32, 33

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Comparative Test Scores, 100

Orwell, George

Animal Farm, 388–91, 408

“Shooting an Elephant,” 114–23, 236–37, 241–42, 243, 249

on Utopia, 892

Otsuka, Julie, When the Emperor Was Divine, 537–57, 654

Our Final Invention (Barrat), 932–36

Owen, Wilfred, “Dulce et Decorum Est,” 566–68

“Ozymandias” (Shelley), 332–34

P

Paine, Thomas, Common Sense, 374–77, 394

parallel structure, 81

paraphrasing, 660–61

pathos, 68, 404

Persepolis (Satrapi), 20–24

Persistence of Memory, The (Dalí), 29

personal experience, as evidence, 72

personal narratives, writing

Step 1: finding a topic, 241–42

Step 2: determining what to reveal, 242

Step 3: organizing and starting narrative, 243

Step 4: using details, 244–45

Step 5: using dialogue, 245–47

Step 6: using blocking, 247–48

Step 7: reflecting on significance, 249

personification, 47, 393. See also figurative language

Pettie, John, The Disgrace of Cardinal Wolsey, 335

Pew Research Center American Values Survey, 514

Picasso, Pablo, Guernica, 15

Pick, Xavier, 579, 601

Pitts, Leonard, Jr., “The Anonymous Back-Stabbing of Internet Message Boards,” 831–33

Plath, Sylvia, “Mirror,” 112

Plato, 56

“Pleasures of Eating, The” (Berry), 106

plot, 41

plot and conflict, 36–37

Plunkett, Mary, 163

Poe, Edgar Allan

“The Raven,” 38

“The Tell-Tale Heart,” 54

poetry, literary elements in, 38

point of view

in close analysis, 847

in literature, 35, 40

in narrative, 235–40

Polanski, Roman, 271, 307

Pollan, Michael, “An Animal’s Place,” 107–8

“Popular Mechanics” (Carver), 39–41

“Possessive, The” (Olds), 156–58

Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 45–46

Prose, Francine, 32

protagonist, 36, 649

Ptichek, Nastya, 835

purpose, rhetorical situation and, 63

Q

questions

choosing an argument topic and, 399

rhetorical, 81

“Quilt of a Country, A” (Quindlen), 615–18

Quindlen, Anna, “A Quilt of a Country,” 615–18

quotes, 660

R

Raisin in the Sun, A (Hansberry), 43

Ralph Wheelock’s Farm (Francis), 613

Rault, Jean-Loup, 919

1038

“Raven, The” (Poe), 38

reading, close, 951–55

Reagan, Ronald, “Challenger Speech,” 64–65, 68

“Real Cyborgs, The” (House), 921–28

Reality Is Broken (McGonigal), 88–89

“Redskins and Reason” (Krauthammer), 89–90

repetitions, 32

research, as evidence, 72

rhetoric

claims, 59–61

counterarguments, 74–75

Culminating Activity: “Why I Let My 9-Year-Old Ride the Subway Alone” (Skenazy), 85–86

evidence, 71–75

famous examples, 56–59

language and style

allusion, 80–81

connotative language, 79

figurative language, 80

parallel structure, 81

rhetorical questions, 81

pitfalls and vulnerabilities

bias, 76

logical fallacies, 76–77

rhetorical appeals

ethos, 69–70

logos, 66–68

pathos, 68

rhetorical situation, 62–66

sample analysis: Whole Foods Market, 83–85

value of, 55–56

rhetorical analysis

close reading and, 951–55

writing

Step 1: thesis statement, 955–57

Step 2: textual evidence, 957–58

Step 3: conclusions, 958–59

rhetorical questions, 81

Rich, Frank, 14

Ripley, Amanda, “The Case against High School Sports,” 93–96

Robbins, Alexandra, The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth, 176–85, 247–48

“Robot Dreams” (Asimov), 900–905

Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 30, 31, 38

Roosevelt, Teddy, 119

Rostand, Edmond, Cyrano de Bergerac, 667–753, 840, 841, 843

round characters, 650

Rousseau, Henri, The Sleeping Gypsy, 127

Roxanne, 682

“Rules of the Game, The” (Tan), 336–45, 398

S

“Saigon Execution” (Adams), 598

Salinger, J. D., The Catcher in the Rye, 48–49

Samuel, Alexandra, “10 Reasons to Stop Apologizing for Your Online Life,” 808

Sandel, Michael

“The Case against Perfection,” 415–26

ethical dilemma posed by, 411

Sanford, J. B., “Argument against Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 8,” 78–79

Sato, Kai, “The Case for High School Sports,” 96–97

Satrapi, Marjane, Persepolis, 20–24

Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), 41–42

scholarly research, as evidence, 72

School Days of an Indian Girl, The (Zitkala-Sa), 170–71, 239–40

Schultz, Katey, “Deuce Out,” 578–88, 653

Scientific American, 179

Scott, A. O., “Sugar, Spice and Guts” (with Manohla Dargis), 90

Sculpture of Love and Anguish, The (Treister), 450

second person, 35

Self-Portrait on the Borderline between Mexico and the United States (Kahlo), 762

setting, 37, 41

“Seven Ages of Man, The” (Shakespeare), 159–61

Shakespeare, William

Henry VIII, 334–36, 397–98

Macbeth, 254–316, 395, 396–97

Romeo and Juliet, 30, 31, 38

“The Seven Ages of Man,” 159–61

“The St. Crispin’s Day Speech,” 568–71

“Shallows, The” (Carr), 18–20

Shamsie, Kamila, “The Storytellers of Empire,” 559–66

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, “Ozymandias,” 332–34

“Shooting an Elephant” (Orwell), 114–23, 236–37, 241–42, 243, 249

Shootings of May Third 1808, The (Goya), 32–33

Shore, Jane, “Happy Family,” 879–81, 945–46

Silent Spring (Carson), 57–58

simile, 47, 393. See also figurative language

Singularity Is Near, The (Kurzweil), 928

Sites, Kevin, In the Hot Zone, 588–99, 655

situational irony, 839–40

Sizer, Theodore, Horace’s School: Redesigning the American High School, 217–23

Skenazy, Lenore, “Why I Let My 9-Year-Old Ride the Subway Alone,” 85–86

“Slam, Dunk, & Hook” (Komunyakaa), 50–52

“Slang for the Ages” (Stamper), 773–76

Sleeping Gypsy, The (Rousseau), 127

Sleepwalking Lady Macbeth, The (Fuseli), 305

slippery slope fallacy, 77

Small Place, A (Kincaid), 856–64, 947–48, 949–50

Snow White, 110, 112

SOAPS acronym, 63–64

Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School, 167–72

Speak (Anderson), 26–28

speaker, rhetorical situation and, 63–64

Speech to the United Nations Youth Assembly (Yousafzai), 378–82, 400, 409

Spence, Rob, 922

Spider-Man, 31

Stafford, William, “Traveling through the Dark,” 462–63

Stamper, Kory, “Slang for the Ages,” 773–76

static characters, 650

statistics, as evidence, 72

“St. Crispin’s Day Speech, The” (Shakespeare), 568–71

Steiner, Peter, 665, 666

Stock, Patricia, 2

Stone of Hope statue (Heller), 358

“Storytellers of Empire, The” (Shamsie), 559–66

Stossel, John, “What’s Fair?,” 72–73

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 56–57

Strand, Mark, “Eating Poetry,” 17

straw man fallacy, 408–9

strength of evidence, 404

structuring an essay, 661–63

subject, rhetorical situation and, 63

“Sugar, Spice and Guts” (Scott and Dargis), 90

1039

Summer Evening (Hopper), 835

supporting characters, 649–50

Swift, Graham, 25

symbol, 38, 41

“Sympathy” (Dunbar), 232

syntax, 46–47, 51

synthesis arguments

Culminating Activity: ethics and economics of eating meat

“An Animal’s Place” (Pollan), 107–8

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (Kingsolver), 106–7

“Let Them Eat Dog” (Foer), 108–9

“The Pleasures of Eating” (Berry), 106

working with a single source, 88–90

working with multiple sources, 91–92

writing

introduction, 529–30

Step 1: analyzing sources, 530

Step 2: putting texts in conversation, 531

Step 3: taking a stand, 531–32

Step 4: integrating sources into own argument, 532–33

Szymborska, Wislawa

“A Contribution to Statistics,” 464–65

“Utopia,” 890–92

T

Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens), 44

Tan, Amy, “The Rules of the Game,” 336–45, 398

Tanco, Miguel, 715

Tedrake, Russ, 899

“Tell-Tale Heart, The” (Poe), 54

Telnaes, Ann, 380

Terminator, 898–99

textual evidence, 103–5, 849–50, 957–58

Thayer, Ella Cheever, Wired Love, 826

theme

in literature, 31–34, 41

tone and, 949–50

thesis statements

for close analyses, 848–49

for literary analyses, 658–59, 661

for textual analyses, 955–57

third person, 35

Thompson, Clive, “Brave New World of Digital Intimacy,” 789–800

Thomson, Judith Jarvis, 411

Throne of Blood (Kurosawa), 263

“Tips of Your Fingers, The” (Griffiths), 79

To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee), 26, 37

Toles, Tom, 422

tone

diction and, 943–48

theme and, 949–50

topic sentences, 662

“Tortoise and the Hare, The,” 30

Tragedy of Macbeth, The (Shakespeare), 254–316, 395, 396–97

“Transhumanism” (Fukuyama), 928–31, 946

“Traveling through the Dark” (Stafford), 462–63

Treister, Kenneth, The Sculpture of Love and Anguish, 450

Turkle, Sherry

Alone Together, 801–7

on Facebook pages, 788

Turner, Brian, “2000 lbs.,” 600–604, 655

Tutu, Desmond, 66

Twain, Mark, 897

“Tyger, The” (Blake), 53–54

U

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 56–57

UNESCO, Map of Endangered Languages by Country, 785

Updike, John

“A & P,” 455–61

“Ex-Basketball Player,” 104–5

“Utopia” (Szymborska), 890–92

V

verbal irony, 839

Verdi, Giuseppe, 295

Vermeer, Jan, Girl at a Window Reading a Letter, 165

“Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, A” (García Márquez), 428–34

viewpoints, evidence and, 404

Vonnegut, Kurt, “Harrison Bergeron,” 871–77, 944–45

Vu Bao, “The Man Who Stained His Soul,” 572–77, 656

W

Wallace, David Foster, 535

Wall Street, 252–53

Watson, Emma, 158

“What’s Fair?” (Stossel), 72–73

When the Emperor Was Divine (Otsuka), 537–57, 654

Whole Foods Market, 83–85

“Why Facebook and Google’s Concept of ‘Real Names’ Is Revolutionary” (Madrigal), 827–30

“Why I Let My 9-Year-Old Ride the Subway Alone” (Skenazy), 85–86

“Why We Look the Other Way” (Klosterman), 492–98, 527

Wiesel, Elie

Night, 455

Nobel Prize speech, 82

Williams, William Carlos, “Landscape with the Fall of Icarus,” 320–22, 395

Williamson, Kevin D., “Inching toward Harrison Bergeron,” 875

“Winter Palace” (Lim), 47–48

Wired Love (Thayer), 826

“Women’s Suffrage Is Inevitable” (Catt), 383–87

Wonderful Balloon Ascents or the Conquest of the Skies, 323

Wyeth, Andrew, Christina’s World, 245

Y

Yang, Gene Yuen, “Adventures in Chinese Parenting,” 326

Yousafzai, Malala

Speech to the United Nations Youth Assembly, 378–82, 400, 409

value of rhetoric and, 58

Z

Zitkala-Sa, The School Days of an Indian Girl, 170–71, 239–40

“Zolaria” (Horrocks), 144–53, 239, 243, 245–46

Zuccarelli, Francesco, “Macbeth,” Act 1, Scene 3, Macbeth, Banquo and the Witches, 258