T. S. ELIOT

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) was born into a New England family that had moved to St. Louis. He attended a preparatory school in Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard University, and then continued his studies in literature in France, Germany, and England. In 1914 he began working for Lloyds Bank in London, and three years later he published his first book of poems, which included “Prufrock.” In 1925 he joined a publishing firm, and in 1927 he became a British citizen and a member of the Church of England. In 1948 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature.

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The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

S’io credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,

Questa fiamma staria senza più scosse.

Ma perciocchè giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun, s’ i’ odo il vero,

Senza tema d’infamia ti rispondo.°

Let us go then, you and I,

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table;

Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,

5 The muttering retreats

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

10 To lead you to an overwhelming question . . .

Oh, do not ask, “What is it?”

Let us go and make our visit.

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo.

15 The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes,

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening,

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,

20 Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,

And seeing that it was a soft October night,

Curled once about the house, and fell asleep.

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street,

25 Rubbing its back upon the window-panes;

There will be time, there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;

There will be time to murder and create,

And time for all the works and days° of hands

30 That lift and drop a question on your plate;

Time for you and time for me,

And time yet for a hundred indecisions,

And for a hundred visions and revisions,

Before the taking of a toast and tea.

35 In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

To wonder, “Do I dare?” and, “Do I dare?”

Time to turn back and descend the stair,

40 With a bald spot in the middle of my hair —

[They will say: “How his hair is growing thin!”]

My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,

My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin —

[They will say: “But how his arms and legs are thin!”]

45 Do I dare

Disturb the universe?

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In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.

For I have known them all already, known them all: —

50 Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;

I know the voices dying with a dying fall°

Beneath the music from a farther room.

So how should I presume?

55 And I have known the eyes already, known them all —

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,

And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,

Then how should I begin

60 To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways? And how should I presume?

And I have known the arms already, known them all —

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!]

65 Is it perfume from a dress

That makes me so digress?

Arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl.

And should I then presume?

And how should I begin?

. . . . .

70 Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows? . . .

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.

. . . . .

75 And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!

Smoothed by long fingers,

Asleep . . . tired . . . or it malingers,

Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.

Should I, after tea and cakes and ices,

80 Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?

But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed,

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter,°

I am no prophet — and here’s no great matter;

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,

85 And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,

And in short, I was afraid.

And would it have been worth it, after all,

After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,

Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,

90 Would it have been worth while,

To have bitten off the matter with a smile,

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll° it toward some overwhelming question,

To say: “I am Lazarus,° come from the dead,

95 Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all” —

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If one, settling a pillow by her head,

Should say: “That is not what I meant at all.

That is not it, at all.”

And would it have been worth it, after all,

100 Would it have been worth while,

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets,

After the novels, after the teacups, after the skirts that trail along the floor —

And this, and so much more? —

It is impossible to say just what I mean!

105 But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:

Would it have been worth while

If one, settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl,

And turning toward the window, should say:

“That is not it at all,

110 That is not what I meant, at all.”

. . . . .

No! I am not Prince Hamlet,° nor was meant to be;

Am an attendant lord, one that will do

To swell a progress, start a scene or two,

Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool.

115 Deferential, glad to be of use,

Politic, cautious, and meticulous;

Full of high sentence,° but a bit obtuse;

At times, indeed, almost ridiculous —

Almost, at times, the Fool.

120 I grow old . . . I grow old . . .

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.

Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?

I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.

I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.

125 I do not think that they will sing to me.

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black.

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

130 By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown

Till human voices wake us, and we drown.

Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing

  1. One of the most famous images of the poem compares the evening to “a patient etherised upon a table” (line 3). Does the image also suggest that individuals — for instance, Prufrock — may not be fully conscious and therefore are not responsible for their actions or their inactions? Explain your response.

  2. Are lines 57 to 60 meant to evoke the reader’s pity for the speaker? If not, what (if any) response are these lines intended to evoke?

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  3. The speaker admits he is “At times, indeed, . . . / Almost . . . the Fool” (lines 118–19). Where, if at all, in the poem do we see him not at all as a fool?

  4. Do you take the poem to be a criticism of an individual, a society, neither, or both? Why?

  5. Evaluate this critical judgment, offering evidence to support your view: “The poem is obscure: It begins in Italian, and it includes references that most readers can’t know. It is not at all uplifting. In fact, in so far as it is comprehensible, it is depressing. These are not the characteristics of a great poem.”

  6. The poem is chiefly concerned with the thoughts of a man, J. Alfred Prufrock. Do you think it therefore is of more interest to men than to women? Explain your response.

  7. The speaker describes the streets he walks as “follow[ing] like a tedious argument” (line 8). Is the simile apt? When do you think an argument becomes tedious?