To avoid monotony, try to vary both the language and the placement of your signal phrases.

Model signal phrases

In the words of Carmona (2004), “. . .”

As Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) have noted, “. . .”

Hoppin and Taveras (2004), medical researchers, pointed out that “. . .”

“. . . ,” claimed Critser (2003).

“. . . ,” wrote Duenwald (2004), “. . .”

Researchers McDuffie et al. (2003) have offered a compelling argument for this view: “. . .”

Hilts (2002) answered objections with the following analysis: “. . .”

Verbs in signal phrases