Different objects vibrate at different rates. Since it is difficult to show these differences when the wave is drawn as a set of concentric circles, we need to use another approach.

When a sound wave is drawn, it usually resembles an ocean wave with crests (peaks) and troughs (valleys). The crests indicate regions of high pressure and the troughs, low pressure.

Sound waves have three special characteristics: frequency, amplitude, and waveform or complexity. Each of these characteristics influence the auditory experience, so let’s take a closer look at each one.