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The medulla is involved in basic life functions.

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The cerebellum controls many types of movements and is involved in learning.

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The pons plays a role in sleep.

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The midbrain integrates motor and sensory functions.

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The thalamus is an important structure involved in many behaviors but is best known as a sensory relay.

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The hypothalamus is involved in behaviors like hunger, thirst and sexual behaviors.

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It also controls the pituitary gland.

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The amygdala is involved in fear and aggression.

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The hippocampus is necessary for storing permanent memories.

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The cortex contains separate areas for processing vision, audition and body senses.

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It also has a region for controlling our voluntary movements.

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The motor cortex and somatosensory cortex have a map of the human body where different regions of the cortex are associated with different parts of the body.