This expression is very similar to Equation 10-4 for gravitational potential energy. Equation 17-3 shows that \(U_{\mathrm{electric}}\) is inversely proportional to the distance \(r\), so the electric potential energy is zero when the two charges are infinitely far apart \(r \to \infty\)). But unlike gravitational potential energy, \(U_{\mathrm{electric}}\) can be either negative or positive depending on the signs of the two charges. If \(q_1\) and \(q_2\) have different signs (one positive and one negative) so that the two charges attract each other, then \(U_{\mathrm{electric}} < 0\) for any finite distance \(r\) between the charges (Figure 17-4b).