Problem-Solution Pattern

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As discussed in chapter 12, when you use a problem-solution pattern for your speech, you establish and prove the existence of a problem and then present a solution. When your objective is to persuade, you also need to add a set of arguments for your proposed solution. This format is valuable because it allows you to establish common ground with your audience about the existence of a problem before moving to more delicate matters (your solution). Although audience members may disagree with the evidence and reasoning you use to build your case, your presentation allows for the possibility that they will find the information interesting and plausible. In some cases, an audience may reject a solution that you present but at least leave convinced that “something has to be done.”

For example, note in the following outline that the first two main points consider the problem and the third main point offers a solution:

Thesis: Present methods for recycling in our community are inadequate.

Main point 1: The current system for recycling generates low participation by citizens.

Main point 2: Each community in our area has its own recycling plan and system.

Main point 3: Recycling should be a regional, not a local, responsibility.

Some speakers like to use a problem-cause-solution format, making the second point the cause of the problem. This format is often useful because getting your listeners to understand the cause helps them reflect on the problem—making your solution seem plausible or even inevitable. In the following example, the first main point proves the problem, the second main point proves the cause, and the third main point offers a solution:

Thesis: United States presidents should be able to serve more than two terms.

Main point 1: Acceptance of foreign and domestic politics is harmed by changes in administrations.

Main point 2: Historically, our country’s greatest periods of weakness have occurred with changes in the presidency.

Main point 3: The American people should choose whether a president is worthy of serving up to four consecutive terms.

This type of format tends to work particularly well when you are presenting a proposition of policy because it often proposes a course of action or a series of steps to achieve resolution.